From the Research
Hormonal Imbalances and Inflammation in Women
- The relationship between body fat percentage and hormonal imbalances, as well as inflammation, is complex and influenced by various factors, including estrogen levels and overall health 1, 2.
- Studies have shown that higher body fat percentages are associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and orosomucoid, in healthy young adults 1.
- In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), body fat percentage and other measures of central fat accumulation are correlated with metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters, including insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism 2.
Body Fat Percentage and Hormonal Imbalances
- A study published in 1991 suggested that a high percentage of body fat (26%-28%) is necessary for regular ovulatory cycles in mature women, and that excessive leanness can lead to hypothalamic dysfunction and amenorrhea 3.
- However, more recent studies have not specifically identified a body fat percentage at which women typically start experiencing hormonal imbalances and inflammation, as this can vary depending on individual factors, such as overall health, lifestyle, and menopausal status 4, 5.
Inflammation and Immune Response
- Chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature of PCOS, and is associated with immune cell dysfunction and cytokine imbalance, as well as insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism 4.
- Obesity is also involved in immune dysfunction in PCOS, leading to an inflammatory environment in women with PCOS, and hormone imbalance may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases 4.