What is the interpretation of a 45-year-old male's testosterone levels, with a total testosterone (TT) level of 605 ng/dL and a free testosterone (FT) level of 90.1 pg/mL?

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Interpretation of Testosterone Levels in a 45-Year-Old Male

Your Testosterone Levels Are Normal

Your total testosterone of 605 ng/dL and free testosterone of 90.1 pg/mL are both solidly within the normal range for a 45-year-old man, and testosterone replacement therapy is not indicated. 1, 2

Understanding Your Results

Total Testosterone: 605 ng/dL

  • This is in the mid-normal range, which is exactly where clinicians target when treating hypogonadism (450-600 ng/dL) 1, 2
  • The American Urological Association defines testosterone deficiency as levels below 300 ng/dL 1, 3
  • Your level is double the diagnostic threshold for low testosterone 1
  • For men aged 40-44 years, the normal middle tertile range is 350-473 ng/dL, and your level exceeds this 4

Free Testosterone: 90.1 pg/mL

  • This is also normal for your age group 5
  • Reference intervals for free testosterone in healthy men show the 2.5th to 97.5th percentile range is 66-309 pg/mL 5
  • Your level falls comfortably within this range, indicating adequate bioavailable testosterone 5
  • Free testosterone represents the biologically active fraction not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin 1, 6

Clinical Implications

What These Levels Mean

  • You do not have hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency) 1, 2
  • Testosterone replacement therapy is explicitly not recommended for men with normal testosterone levels, even if they have symptoms like fatigue, low energy, or desire for improved athletic performance 1
  • The European Association of Urology strongly recommends against testosterone therapy in eugonadal men (those with normal levels), even for weight loss, cardiometabolic improvement, cognition, vitality, or physical strength 1

Age-Related Context

  • Testosterone levels naturally decline at approximately 1.6% per year starting in the mid-30s 3
  • At age 45, your levels remain robust and do not reflect pathological decline 3
  • Age-specific cutoffs for low testosterone in men aged 40-44 years is 350 ng/dL, well below your current level 4

Important Caveats

If You Have Symptoms

  • If you're experiencing symptoms like decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or fatigue, these are not due to low testosterone given your normal levels 1
  • Approximately 20-30% of men receiving testosterone therapy inappropriately do not have documented low testosterone levels before treatment initiation 1
  • Other causes should be investigated, including:
    • Sleep disorders, thyroid dysfunction, anemia, vitamin D deficiency 1
    • Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors 1
    • Depression, anxiety, or relationship issues 7

Measurement Considerations

  • Your results should ideally be from a morning fasting sample (8-10 AM) when testosterone levels peak naturally 1, 3, 6
  • If this was an afternoon or non-fasting sample, consider repeating in the morning for accuracy 3, 6
  • A single measurement is generally sufficient when levels are clearly normal like yours, though diagnosis of deficiency requires two separate morning measurements 1, 3

References

Guideline

Testosterone Injection Treatment for Male Hypogonadism

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Target Testosterone Level in Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Testosterone Levels in Elderly Men

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Accurate measurement of total and free testosterone levels for the diagnosis of androgen disorders.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 2022

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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