Is it more likely that my miscarried fetus was male, considering I have a history of one miscarriage and have attempted gender swaying after having three successful pregnancies?

Male Fetal Sex and Miscarriage Risk

Yes, your single miscarriage was more likely to be male, as male fetuses have a higher susceptibility to early pregnancy loss due to impaired implantation and placentation. 1

Evidence for Male Fetal Vulnerability

Male fetuses demonstrate increased susceptibility to spontaneous miscarriage compared to female fetuses, particularly in early pregnancy. This sex-dimorphic pattern has been documented in multiple contexts:

• Male fetuses show higher vulnerability to impaired implantation and placentation, which results in more spontaneous miscarriages of male conceptuses 1
• This increased male fetal loss occurs predominantly in the first trimester, when most chromosomal and developmental abnormalities manifest 1
• The biological mechanism appears related to male-specific minor histocompatibility (HY) antigens, which may trigger abnormal maternal immune responses 2, 3

Clinical Context of Single Miscarriage

Approximately 15.3% of all recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage, with chromosomal errors accounting for 50-60% of early losses. 4, 5

• Your single miscarriage falls within the normal population prevalence of 10.8% of women experiencing one pregnancy loss 5
• Chromosomal abnormalities are the leading cause of sporadic miscarriage and show no sex preference in their occurrence 6
• However, when developmental or placental factors are involved (rather than pure chromosomal errors), male fetuses are disproportionately affected 1

Gender Swaying Context

The concept of "gender swaying" has no established scientific basis, and attempting such methods does not alter the biological vulnerability patterns of male versus female fetuses. 7

• If your miscarriage occurred after gender swaying attempts, the male fetal vulnerability to early pregnancy complications remains unchanged by any pre-conception interventions 1
• Fetal sex determination is established at conception through chromosomal contribution and cannot be reliably influenced by timing, diet, or other popular "swaying" methods 7

Important Caveats

A single miscarriage does not require extensive workup or indicate recurrent pregnancy loss, which is defined as three or more consecutive losses. 4, 8

• Your history of three successful pregnancies followed by one miscarriage represents a favorable prognosis for future pregnancies 5
• Risk factors that increase miscarriage likelihood include advanced maternal age (>35 years), advanced paternal age (>40 years), extremes of BMI, smoking, alcohol use, and stress 5
• Early ultrasound confirmation of viable intrauterine pregnancy in future conceptions is recommended for reassurance 4