Is there a correlation between the measles‑mumps‑rubella (MMR) vaccine and Kawasaki disease?

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Last updated: February 7, 2026View editorial policy

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No Correlation Between MMR Vaccine and Kawasaki Disease

Based on the highest quality evidence available, there is no association between MMR vaccination and Kawasaki disease; in fact, vaccination appears to be associated with a transient decrease in Kawasaki disease incidence.

Evidence Against Any Causal Association

Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies Show Protective Effect

  • A comprehensive Vaccine Safety Datalink study following 1,721,186 children (4,417,766 person-years) found that verified Kawasaki disease rates were significantly lower during the 1-42 days after vaccination (rate ratio 0.50,95% CI 0.27-0.92) compared to unexposed periods 1

  • Children with Kawasaki disease had lower rates of vaccination in the 42 days prior to symptom onset for verified Kawasaki disease (rate ratio 0.38,95% CI 0.20-0.75), suggesting vaccination may actually provide transient protection 1

  • This protective association was not specific to any particular vaccine subset, indicating a general immunological phenomenon rather than a causal relationship 1

Expert Consensus Confirms No Association

  • A 2016 systematic review in Expert Review of Vaccines explicitly states that "available evidence does not support an association between Kawasaki disease development and vaccine administration" 2

  • The most recent Cochrane systematic review (2020) analyzing 138 studies with 23,480,668 participants documented no evidence of association between MMR immunization and Kawasaki disease 3

What the Guidelines Actually List as MMR Adverse Events

Documented Adverse Events from CDC Guidelines

The ACIP guidelines comprehensively list recognized adverse events following MMR vaccination, and Kawasaki disease is notably absent from this list 4:

  • Febrile seizures: 5-15% develop fever ≥103°F beginning 5-12 days post-vaccination 5
  • Thrombocytopenia: 1 per 30,000-40,000 vaccinated children 5
  • Arthralgia/arthritis: Primarily in postpubertal females (25% arthralgia, 10% acute arthritis) 4
  • Transient rash: Approximately 5% of vaccinees 5
  • Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Evidence insufficient to establish causality, with mass vaccination campaigns showing no increases over background rates 4

Clinical Implications for Practice

Vaccination Remains Mandatory for Children with Kawasaki Disease

  • All efforts must be made to ensure the highest degree of protection against vaccine-preventable diseases for children with Kawasaki disease 2

  • The distinctive immune characteristics of children with Kawasaki disease do not contraindicate routine vaccination 2

Common Pitfall to Avoid

  • Do not withhold or delay MMR vaccination based on concerns about Kawasaki disease—this concern lacks scientific foundation and exposes children to the substantial risks of measles, mumps, and rubella infection 2, 1

  • Natural measles infection carries substantially higher risks of serious complications including encephalopathy compared to vaccination 6

Understanding the Temporal Coincidence

  • Kawasaki disease primarily affects children aged 6 months to 5 years, which overlaps with the routine vaccination schedule, creating opportunities for temporal but non-causal associations 2

  • The observed protective effect of recent vaccination may reflect healthcare utilization patterns or immunological mechanisms that warrant further investigation 1

References

Research

Vaccines and Kawasaki disease.

Expert review of vaccines, 2016

Research

Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Management of Side Effects After MMR Vaccination

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Measles Protection After MMR Vaccination

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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