From the Research
The right lung apex is the uppermost portion of the right lung, located in the superior part of the thoracic cavity, and is defined as the area that can be involved by Pancoast tumors, which are tumors that invade any of the structures of the apex of the chest, including the first thoracic ribs or periosteum, the lower nerve roots of the brachial plexus, the sympathetic chain and stellate ganglion near the apex of the chest or the subclavian vessels 1. The right lung apex extends about 2-3 cm above the level of the first rib and clavicle, reaching into the base of the neck. This conical-shaped structure is covered by the suprapleural membrane (Sibson's fascia), which provides protection and support. The apex is in close proximity to important anatomical structures including the subclavian vessels, brachial plexus, and the stellate ganglion. Due to its location, the right lung apex is vulnerable to certain pathologies such as Pancoast tumors and tuberculosis. Some key points to consider about the right lung apex include:
- Its location in the superior part of the thoracic cavity, which makes it prone to certain types of tumors and infections 2
- Its proximity to important anatomical structures, such as the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus, which can be affected by pathologies in the apex 3
- The importance of understanding the anatomy of the right lung apex for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the upper respiratory system and thoracic cavity 1 It is worth noting that the evidence from older studies, such as the one published in 1979 4, is not directly relevant to the definition of the right lung apex, and therefore should not be considered when defining this anatomical structure. In terms of clinical examination, the right lung apex can be examined through percussion and auscultation during physical examination, and is visible on chest radiographs and CT scans. Understanding the anatomy of the right lung apex is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the upper respiratory system and thoracic cavity, and the most recent and highest quality study on this topic is from 2016, which provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and treatment of Pancoast tumors, which are a type of tumor that affects the right lung apex 1.