What is a bronchoscopy (Bronchoalveolar Lavage)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 21, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

Bronchoscopy is a highly safe and effective medical procedure for diagnosing and treating lung conditions, with a mortality rate of 0.01% and a major complication rate of 0.08%, as reported in a large series of 24,521 procedures 1. The procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth and into the trachea and bronchi, allowing doctors to visualize abnormalities such as inflammation, bleeding, tumors, or foreign objects.

  • Key aspects of bronchoscopy include:
    • Diagnostic capabilities: collecting tissue samples (biopsies), fluid specimens, or removing foreign bodies and mucus plugs
    • Therapeutic applications: treating conditions such as bleeding, tumors, or airway obstruction
    • Safety profile: low risk of complications, with a mortality rate of 0.01% and a major complication rate of 0.08% 1
    • Precautions: patients must fast for 6-8 hours before the procedure and arrange for someone to drive them home afterward due to sedation effects
    • Sedation: typically performed under conscious sedation using medications, with a recommended maximum dose of 8.2 mg/kg of lignocaine, equivalent to 29.3 ml 2% lignocaine for a 70 kg patient 1 The decision to perform bronchoscopy is based on a balance between the likely benefit of obtaining diagnostic material and an assessment of the likely risk in the individual patient, as there are no controlled studies on the factors that may make a patient unfit for the procedure 1.

From the Research

Definition of Bronchoscopy

There are no research papers to assist in answering this question as the provided studies do not mention bronchoscopy.

Related Information

However, the studies do provide information on various lung diseases, including:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Asthma 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Chronic bronchitis 3, 4, 5
  • Emphysema 3, 4, 5
  • Lung cancer 3, 4, 5, 6

Key Findings

Some key findings from the studies include:

  • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are positively associated with lung cancer 3, 4, 5
  • Asthma has an inverse association with lung cancer 3, 5
  • COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer 5, 6
  • Asthma-COPD overlap is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer 6

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.