What are the causes of nausea?

From the Guidelines

Nagma is primarily caused by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, and its main causes include weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), hiatal hernia, and lifestyle factors. The provided evidence does not directly address the causes of nagma, but based on general medical knowledge, common lifestyle triggers include obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, large meals, eating close to bedtime, and certain foods like spicy foods, citrus, tomatoes, chocolate, coffee, and fatty meals. Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, certain blood pressure medications, and some antibiotics can also contribute to nagma. Pregnancy often causes temporary reflux due to hormonal changes and pressure on the stomach. Stress and anxiety may worsen symptoms by affecting digestion and increasing stomach acid production. Some studies suggest that gastrointestinal complaints during exercise, such as those discussed in 1, may be related to nutritional causes, including fiber, fat, protein, and fructose intake, as well as dehydration. However, these findings are not directly related to the causes of nagma. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications, antacids, H2 blockers like ranitidine, or proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole. Understanding these causes helps in managing the condition effectively through appropriate lifestyle changes and medical intervention when necessary. It is essential to note that the provided evidence does not directly address the question, and the answer is based on general medical knowledge and the most recent and highest-quality studies available, such as 1, which discusses cyclic vomiting syndrome, but not specifically nagma.

From the FDA Drug Label

The FDA drug label does not answer the question.

From the Research

Causes of NAGMA

• Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA) is a common entity that can occur due to various reasons, including:
  • Stool loss of bicarbonate during an acute diarrheal illness 2
  • Use of certain resuscitation fluids, such as normal saline (NS), which can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) 2
• In adults, NAGMA might be an initial clue to a more significant underlying pathology, such as:
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Hypergammaglobulinemia
  • Drug toxicities 3
• Other potential causes of NAGMA include:
  • Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), which is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity 2
  • Certain medications or toxins that can affect renal acid-base regulation 3

Pathophysiology and Evaluation

• A better understanding of the pathophysiology of NAGMA can help treating physicians suspect and evaluate the condition early and reach the correct diagnosis 3
• The evaluation of NAGMA should involve a framework that considers the diverse processes involved in the development of acidosis, including renal acid-base regulation 3