In a 7‑year‑old boy with a closed, complete transverse proximal humeral fracture, can a sugar‑tong or U‑mold cast be used for immobilization?

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Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fracture in a 7-Year-Old

Yes, you can use a sugar-tong or U-mold cast (also called hanging arm cast) for immobilization of this proximal humeral fracture in a 7-year-old, as nonoperative immobilization is the appropriate treatment for most pediatric proximal humerus fractures at this age.

Key Distinction: This is NOT a Supracondylar Fracture

The available guidelines address supracondylar humerus fractures (distal humerus/elbow injuries), not proximal humerus fractures (shoulder region). These are completely different injuries with different treatment algorithms 1, 2. The AAOS supracondylar fracture guidelines do not apply to your proximal humerus fracture case.

Treatment Approach for Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures

Nonoperative Management is Standard at Age 7

  • Immobilization with a sling or hanging arm cast is the treatment of choice for displaced proximal humerus fractures in young children like your 7-year-old patient 3.

  • The proximal humeral physis is responsible for 80% of the growth of the entire humerus, giving these fractures tremendous remodeling potential in younger children 4, 3.

  • Most pediatric proximal humerus fractures can be treated nonoperatively with excellent outcomes, particularly in younger patients 5.

Specific Immobilization Options

  • Both sling and hanging arm cast (U-mold/sugar-tong type) are acceptable immobilization methods for these fractures 3, 6.

  • Recent evidence shows that even for displaced fractures, immobilization without reduction (INR) has similar radiographic and clinical outcomes compared to closed reduction followed by immobilization 6.

  • The hanging arm cast or sling should be used for approximately 3 weeks, though this is based on standard practice rather than high-quality evidence 7.

When to Consider Operative Management

Operative treatment is not indicated for your 7-year-old unless specific criteria are met 4, 5:

  • Open fractures
  • Ipsilateral elbow or forearm injury
  • Associated neurovascular injury
  • Polytrauma patients
  • Older adolescents (typically >12 years) with minimal growth remaining and significantly displaced fractures

Age-Based Decision Making

  • Children under 10-11 years: Nonoperative management is almost always appropriate due to excellent remodeling capacity 4, 5.

  • Adolescents 12-16 years: Consider operative management for significantly displaced fractures, though even in this age group, nonoperative treatment often yields good results 6.

Expected Outcomes

  • Favorable results are the norm with nonoperative management in this age group, and complications are infrequent 3.

  • Range of motion and patient-reported outcomes show significant improvement between 6 weeks and 3 months regardless of whether closed reduction was performed 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Classification and Treatment of Supracondylar Fractures

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Evaluation and management of pediatric proximal humerus fractures.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2015

Research

Management of Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures.

Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 2023

Research

Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Pediatric Population.

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2021

Research

Proximal humerus fracture rehabilitation.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2006

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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