From the Guidelines
Memory strategies such as errorless learning, external memory aids like calendars and notebooks, and electronic devices like computers and paging systems are effective for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). These strategies can help compensate for memory difficulties and improve cognitive function. According to the European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines, memory strategies without electronic aids are possibly effective, while specific learning strategies like errorless learning are probably effective 1.
Effective Memory Strategies
- Errorless learning: a technique that involves learning new information without making errors, which can help improve memory retention 1
- External memory aids: using calendars, notebooks, and other tools to compensate for memory difficulties 1
- Electronic devices: computers, paging systems, and other electronic devices can be used to improve memory and cognitive function 1
- Spaced retrieval practice: repeatedly recalling information at gradually increasing intervals to strengthen memory retention
- Mnemonics: using techniques like acronyms, visual imagery, and association to make information more memorable
Lifestyle Interventions
In addition to these memory strategies, lifestyle interventions such as exercise, cognitive stimulation, and social engagement can also help delay or prevent cognitive decline in individuals with MCI 1. Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have been shown to improve global cognition, executive function, attention, and delayed recall in patients with MCI 1. Cognitive training and treatment of major depressive disorder may also have beneficial effects on cognitive and psychosocial measures in this patient population 1.
Implementing Memory Strategies
Implementing multiple memory strategies simultaneously can yield the best results for managing MCI symptoms. It is essential to tailor these strategies to an individual's specific needs and preferences to maximize their effectiveness. By combining memory strategies with lifestyle interventions, individuals with MCI can improve their cognitive function and overall quality of life.
From the Research
Effective Memory Strategies for MCI
There are several memory strategies that have been found to be effective for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). These include:
- Compensatory strategies: Developing strategies to compensate for memory difficulties, such as using memory aids or reminders 2
- Learning specific information: Targeted interventions to learn specific information relevant to the individual 2
- Multicomponent exercise: Combining different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strength training, to improve global cognition 3, 4
- Cognitive training: Combining exercise with cognitive training to improve balance ability and global cognition 3
- Resistance training: Resistance training shows promise as an exercise modality suitable for older adults to slow the progression of cognitive impairment 4
Types of Exercise Interventions
Various types of exercise interventions have been found to be effective in improving cognitive function in individuals with MCI, including:
- Aerobic exercise: Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function in individuals with MCI 5, 4
- Strength training: Strength training has been found to be effective in improving cognitive function in older adults with MCI 4
- Combined exercises: Combining different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strength training, has been found to be more effective than a single type of exercise 3, 4
- Land-based kayaking training: Land-based kayaking training has been found to improve balance ability in individuals with MCI 3
Comparison to Pharmacological Interventions
Physical exercise has been found to be comparable to donepezil, a commonly used cholinesterase inhibitor, in improving cognitive function in individuals with MCI 5