What causes restless leg syndrome (RLS) in some individuals?

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Last updated: April 26, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

People bounce their leg primarily due to Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), a condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. This condition is a common cause of leg bouncing, especially in adults, and is associated with various factors, including iron deficiency, genetics, and certain medical conditions 1. Some key points to consider about RLS include:

  • The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) suggests the use of ferrous sulfate in adults with RLS who have appropriate iron status 1.
  • The AASM also recommends against the standard use of certain medications, such as levodopa, pramipexole, and ropinirole, due to the risk of adverse effects, particularly augmentation 1.
  • Leg bouncing can also be a symptom of other conditions, such as Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), which is characterized by involuntary limb movements during sleep 1.
  • In addition to RLS and PLMD, leg bouncing can be caused by other factors, such as anxiety, stress, or boredom, and can serve as a self-regulating behavior in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or similar conditions.
  • From a physiological perspective, leg bouncing may temporarily increase blood circulation in the legs during periods of prolonged sitting, which can be beneficial for overall health.
  • However, excessive leg bouncing can be perceived as nervousness or impatience by others, and strategies like mindfulness, regular exercise, or stress management techniques can help reduce the behavior if it is interfering with daily activities or causing social discomfort.

From the Research

Possible Reasons for Leg Bouncing

  • There are no direct research papers to assist in answering this question, as the provided studies focus on the effects of breathing exercises on stress, anxiety, and physiological arousal.
  • However, it can be inferred that leg bouncing might be a physical manifestation of excess energy or anxiety, which can be alleviated through breathing exercises, as suggested by studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of various breathing techniques in reducing stress, anxiety, and physiological arousal, which might indirectly relate to the behavior of leg bouncing.
  • For example, a study on deep breathing found that it can improve mood and reduce stress levels 4, which could potentially decrease the likelihood of leg bouncing.
  • Another study on brief structured respiration practices showed that it can enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal 6, which might also be relevant to understanding the behavior of leg bouncing.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

A Systematic Review of Breathing Exercise Interventions: An Integrative Complementary Approach for Anxiety and Stress in Adult Populations.

Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association, 2024

Research

The role of deep breathing on stress.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2017

Research

Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety.

Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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