What is the contagious period of human rhinovirus (HRV)/enterovirus (EV) infection?

From the Guidelines

Human rhinovirus and enterovirus are typically contagious from 1-2 days before symptoms appear until symptoms resolve completely, which is usually 7-10 days after onset. The contagious period of these viruses is influenced by various factors, including the immune status of the individual and the presence of respiratory symptoms. According to the study 1, the mean duration of a viral URI ranges between 6.6 days and 8.9 days, and upper respiratory tract symptoms may last more than 15 days in approximately 7% to 13% of cases.

Key Factors Influencing Contagiousness

• The viruses spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through direct contact with contaminated surfaces followed by touching the eyes, nose, or mouth.
• The highest contagiousness occurs during the first 2-3 days of symptoms when viral shedding is at its peak.
• Children and individuals with weakened immune systems may shed the virus for up to 2-3 weeks, increasing the risk of transmission.

Prevention Measures

• Practice good hand hygiene to reduce the transmission of the virus.
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals to minimize the risk of infection.
• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Stay home when sick until symptoms resolve to prevent transmission to others.

The study 1 highlights the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of viral upper respiratory tract infections, including the role of human rhinovirus and enterovirus, to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. By taking preventive measures and being aware of the contagious period of these viruses, individuals can reduce the risk of transmission and prevent the spread of illness.

From the Research

Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus Contagious Period

• The contagious period of human rhinovirus/enterovirus is not explicitly stated in the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5.
• However, a study on the effects of over-the-counter analgesic/antipyretic medications on virus shedding in rhinovirus-infected volunteers found that 56 volunteers shed virus on at least 4 days after challenge 3.
• The same study noted a trend toward longer duration of virus shedding in the aspirin and acetaminophen groups, but no significant differences in viral shedding among the four groups 3.
• Another study discussed the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of viral infections in immunocompromised patients, as prolonged shedding and viral loads can have severe consequences 4.
• The development of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines is crucial in preventing and treating human rhinovirus/enterovirus infections, especially in immunocompromised patients 2, 4, 5.

Key Findings

• Human rhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold, and can be associated with severe conditions such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in certain individuals 2.
• There is currently no licensed vaccine for rhinovirus, and the development of novel therapeutics is an active area of research 2, 5.
• Antiviral agents and small molecule inhibitors of rhinovirus infection are being investigated as potential treatments for human rhinovirus/enterovirus infections 2, 5.