Can attempting conception and pregnancy trigger sexual trauma?

From the Guidelines

Yes, trying to conceive and pregnancy can trigger sexual trauma responses in some individuals. This occurs because the physical experiences, medical procedures, and emotional states associated with conception efforts and pregnancy can reactivate memories or sensations connected to past sexual trauma. Common triggers include invasive medical examinations, loss of bodily autonomy, physical sensations during pregnancy, hormonal changes affecting emotional regulation, and the vulnerability inherent in medical settings. People with trauma histories may experience flashbacks, anxiety, dissociation, or avoidance behaviors during this time. According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine 1, women with a history of sexual violence who also had symptoms of PTSD reported more pelvic examination–related distress and higher pain ratings than women without PTSD.

Key Considerations

• The physical and emotional aspects of trying to conceive and pregnancy can exacerbate existing trauma responses
• Individuals with a history of sexual trauma may require specialized care and support during this time
• Trauma-informed healthcare providers can play a crucial role in mitigating the negative impacts of trauma on pregnancy and conception efforts

Coping Strategies

• Working with trauma-informed healthcare providers
• Bringing support persons to appointments
• Using grounding techniques during procedures
• Establishing clear boundaries with medical staff
• Considering trauma-focused therapy before or during pregnancy As noted in another study published in the same journal 1, understanding that these reactions are normal trauma responses rather than signs of failure can help reduce shame and increase self-compassion during this vulnerable period. Furthermore, a study with a large sample size and strong methodology 1 found that women with a history of sexual violence may have different experiences with gynecologic services, highlighting the need for personalized and sensitive care.

From the Research

Triggering Sexual Trauma

• Trying to conceive and pregnancy can trigger sexual trauma in individuals with a history of sexual assault or abuse, as it may lead to increased stress and anxiety 2, 3.
• The relationship between sexual trauma and pregnancy complications is complex, and may be mediated by psychopathology, health problems, and negative health behaviors 3.
• Women with a history of sexual trauma may experience retraumatization during pregnancy and childbirth, and may have specific needs and preferences for their care, such as clear communication and control over their body 4.

Impact of Sexual Trauma on Intimacy

• Sexual trauma can affect intimacy-related functioning, particularly in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 5.
• The presence of PTSD symptoms, rather than a history of sexual trauma alone, may be associated with increased latency for intimacy-related words and trauma words 5.
• Avoidance, a key feature of PTSD, may strengthen the relationship between sexual trauma and intimacy difficulties 5.

Treatment and Care

• Trauma-informed care can help prevent retraumatization and promote a healthy perinatal experience for individuals with a history of sexual trauma 2, 4.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy and other modalities may be effective in managing the effects of sexual trauma, although further research is needed to identify the most effective treatments 2, 5.