From the Guidelines
Pneumococcal vaccines are typically given according to age-specific schedules, with a single dose of PCV21, PCV20, or PCV15 recommended for adults 65 years and older, and specific timing depending on risk factors for adults 19-64 with certain medical conditions 1. The frequency of pneumococcal vaccine administration depends on various factors, including age, underlying medical conditions, and previous vaccination history.
- For adults 65 years and older, a single dose of PCV21, PCV20, or PCV15 is recommended, with PCV15 followed by PPSV23 at least one year later 1.
- For adults 19-64 with immunocompromising conditions, a CSF leak, or a cochlear implant, a single dose of PCV21, PCV20, or PCV15 is recommended, with PCV15 followed by PPSV23 at least 8 weeks later 1.
- For adults 19-64 with chronic medical conditions, a single dose of PCV21, PCV20, or PCV15 is recommended, with PCV15 followed by PPSV23 at least one year later 1. It is essential to note that pneumococcal vaccines do not require yearly administration, and most people need only the recommended doses for their age group or risk category 1. Revaccination with PPSV23 may be considered after 5 years for certain high-risk individuals 1. These vaccines are crucial in protecting against Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, which can cause serious infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections, particularly in vulnerable populations 1.
From the Research
Pneumococcal Vaccine Administration
- The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is typically administered to infants and children under 24 months of age, with a recommended schedule of 2,4, and 6 months, and a fourth dose at 12 to 15 months of age 2.
- Infants may receive the first dose as early as 6 weeks of age 2.
- The vaccine is also indicated for children 24 to 59 months of age who are at high risk for pneumococcal infection 2.
- For adults, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) among adults aged ≥65 years, administered in series with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 3, 4.
- The recommended intervals between PCV13 and PPSV23 given in series differ by age and risk group and the order in which the two vaccines are given 3.
Special Considerations
- Children with sickle cell disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection have been shown to respond successfully to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 2.
- Adults at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia, including those over 65 years of age and those with chronic disease, should receive the 23-polysaccharide vaccine, and may also receive PCV13 5, 4.
- Immunosuppressed patients of any age should receive both vaccines 5.