What methods, medications, supplements, and/or diets have proven benefit in reducing neuroinflammation?

From the Guidelines

To reduce neural inflammation, a diet lower in saturated fat and higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids from food sources is recommended, as suggested by the most recent and highest quality study 1. This approach is based on the strongest evidence available, which indicates that dietary factors play a crucial role in preventing the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases.

• The key components of this diet include:
  • Lower intake of saturated fat from animal sources
  • Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from food sources, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
  • Emphasis on consuming PUFA from fish origin, as it has been associated with a lower risk of first clinical diagnosis of MS 1
• In contrast, supplementation of n-3 fatty acids is not recommended for the prevention of MS and other demyelinating diseases, as the evidence suggests that it has no significant positive effect 1.
• Additionally, other evidence-based approaches that may help reduce neural inflammation include:
  • Regular moderate exercise, which reduces inflammatory markers through multiple physiological mechanisms 1
  • Adequate sleep, which is crucial as sleep deprivation increases inflammatory cytokines
  • Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness meditation, which can lower cortisol levels and inflammatory markers
  • Consideration of a gluten-free diet, as gluten sensitivity may be etiologically linked to several idiopathic neuropathies through induction of neuronal inflammation 1
• It is essential to note that a multimodal approach combining these interventions typically yields the best outcomes for reducing neural inflammation, and consultation with neurology or rheumatology may be warranted to consider disease-modifying therapies for patients with autoimmune components.

From the FDA Drug Label

Although controlled clinical trials have shown corticosteroids to be effective in speeding the resolution of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, they do not show that they affect the ultimate outcome or natural history of the disease.

The medication prednisone has proven benefit in reducing neural inflammation in the context of multiple sclerosis. However, it is essential to note that the use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, should be carefully considered due to potential side effects and interactions.

• The decision to use prednisone should be made on a case-by-case basis, weighing the potential benefits against the risks.
• Patients should be closely monitored for signs of adverse effects, such as psychiatric derangements, osteoporosis, and increased intraocular pressure.
• Lifestyle modifications, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonate therapy, and weight-bearing exercise, may be recommended to minimize the risk of adverse bone effects 2.

From the Research

Methods for Reducing Neural Inflammation

• Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas 3, 4, 5, 6
• Supplementation with EPA and DHA has been found to have a beneficial impact on regulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress 4
• A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, may help reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease 5, 6

Medications and Supplements

• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements, particularly those containing EPA and DHA, have been found to be effective in reducing inflammation and improving overall health 3, 4, 5, 6
• The most effective supplements are those that contain triglycerides, which are more bioavailable than other formulas 7
• A daily dose of 1,000-1,500 mg of EPA plus DHA as triglycerides for at least 12 weeks may be effective in raising the omega-3 index to recommended levels 7

Diets

• A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, may help reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease 5, 6
• Consuming fatty fish, such as salmon and sardines, which are high in EPA and DHA, may be beneficial for reducing neural inflammation 6
• Fortified foods and supplements may also be effective in increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake and reducing neural inflammation 7