What is the cause of edema in the feet and sensitive plantar surfaces in a patient with diabetes (Type 1 or 2), a history of open heart surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent installation, pending joint replacement, hyperchloremia, and an elevated anion gap?

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Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Feet and Sensitive Soles

Given the patient's history and laboratory results, the following differential diagnoses are considered:

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis

    • Diabetic Neuropathy: The patient has a history of diabetes, which is a significant risk factor for developing diabetic neuropathy. This condition can cause sensitive soles and swollen feet due to nerve damage. The patient's long-standing diabetes increases the likelihood of this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses

    • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): The patient has a history of open-heart surgery and multiple angiograms, which may indicate underlying cardiovascular disease. CHF can cause fluid buildup in the body, leading to swollen feet.
    • Renal Insufficiency: The elevated anion gap (27) may suggest underlying renal issues, which can cause fluid retention and swelling in the feet.
    • Hypothyroidism: Although not directly mentioned, hypothyroidism can cause swelling in the feet and is more common in patients with diabetes.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses

    • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less likely, DVT is a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause swollen and sensitive feet. Given the patient's history of surgery and immobility while waiting for joint replacement, this diagnosis should not be missed.
    • Cellulitis or Infection: Bacterial infections like cellulitis can cause redness, swelling, and sensitivity in the feet. In diabetic patients, infections can quickly become severe and require prompt treatment.
    • Compartment Syndrome: This is a rare but serious condition that can cause swelling and sensitivity in the feet due to increased pressure within the muscle compartments.
  • Rare Diagnoses

    • Amyloidosis: A group of diseases characterized by the deposition of abnormal proteins (amyloid) in various tissues, which can cause neuropathy and swelling.
    • Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the feet.
    • Lymphedema: A chronic condition characterized by the abnormal collection of fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling, which is less likely but should be considered if other diagnoses are ruled out.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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