What is the typical oxygen delivery rate when a patient is given humidified oxygen through a nasal catheter?

From the Guidelines

The oxygen delivery rate through a nasal catheter is 4-6 L/min. When a patient develops constricting chest pain during a procedure, the nurse should stop the procedure and call a doctor immediately. For long-term oxygen therapy via nasal catheter, a break should be taken after 30-40 minutes. Oxygen therapy with defoamers is indicated for pulmonary edema, with 70% ethyl alcohol typically used as the defoamer 1. Hemoptysis is a contraindication to inhalation therapy. For a general therapeutic bath, patients should be immersed in water up to the xiphoid process. Inhalation treatments using a steam inhaler should be performed 1-1.5 hours after eating. When using a pocket inhaler, the patient should cover the mouthpiece tightly with their lips, take a deep breath while simultaneously pressing the bottom of the inhaler. When administering oxygen via nasal catheter, the nurse should change the catheter position to the other nasal passage every 30-40 minutes. An oxygen concentration of 30-40% in the oxygen-air mixture is typically sufficient to eliminate tissue hypoxia. If a patient develops nasal irritation during oxygen therapy, the nurse should temporarily stop oxygen administration and apply oil drops to the nose. When administering oxygen via mask, the mask should not be pressed tightly against the patient's mouth. If a patient's asthma attack doesn't improve after multiple inhaler uses, the nurse should call a doctor. The oxygen pressure in cylinders is typically 150 atmospheres 1. A pulse oximeter is the most common non-invasive way to measure oxygenation. For a patient experiencing an asthma attack, the nurse should help them use their prescribed rescue inhaler. Water in a thermal inhaler should be heated to 40°C. If a patient shows signs of distress during a therapeutic bath, the nurse should immediately stop the procedure and call a doctor.

Some key points to consider:

• The use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy has been gaining widespread use in hospitalized patients in recent years 1.
• HFNO therapy involves the delivery of warm and humidified oxygen via a small nasal cannula at a flow higher than the patient's inspiratory flow (up to 60 L/min) 1.
• The purported benefits of HFNO versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) include improved patient comfort and physiologic advantages, such as improved oxygenation and ventilation, better pulmonary compliance, reduced anatomical dead space, modest positive end-expiratory pressure, more efficient respiratory effort, reduced work of breathing, and secretion clearance 1.

It is essential to follow the guidelines and recommendations for oxygen therapy to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

From the Research

Oxygen Delivery Rate

• The oxygen delivery rate for a patient given humidified oxygen through a nasal catheter can vary, but common rates include:
  • 1-2 L/min
  • 2-3 L/min
  • 4-6 L/min
  • 5-8 L/min
  • 8-10 L/min No specific evidence from the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 directly addresses the standard oxygen delivery rate for nasal catheter use.

Procedure Interruption Due to Chest Pains

• If a patient develops constricting pains in the region of the heart during a procedure, the nurse should:
  • Stop the procedure
  • Other options like injecting cordiamine, calling a doctor, giving a sniff of cotton wool with ammonia, or giving the patient Corvalol may not be the immediate or most appropriate actions without further context or medical supervision.

Break Period for Prolonged Nasal Catheter Use

• For a patient using a nasal catheter for a long period, breaks should be taken:
  • Every 1-2 hours
  • Other options like 20-30 minutes, 30-40 minutes, 3-4 hours, or no break required are not universally recommended without considering individual patient needs and comfort.

Indications for Oxygen Therapy with Defoamers

• Indications for oxygen therapy combined with inhalation of defoamers include:
  • Respiratory failure
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Asthma attack
  • Other conditions may benefit, but the provided studies do not specifically address the use of defoamers in oxygen therapy.

Defoamer Used in Oxygen Therapy

• The defoamer used in oxygen therapy is not specified in the provided studies, but options might include:
  • 40-degree ethyl alcohol
  • 96-degree ethyl alcohol
  • 70-degree ethyl alcohol
  • Methyl alcohol
  • 30-degree ethyl alcohol No direct evidence from the studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 supports the use of these as defoamers in oxygen therapy.

Contraindications to Inhalation Therapy

• Contraindications to inhalation therapy may include:
  • Hemoptysis
  • Other conditions might be contraindications, but the provided studies do not comprehensively list them.

Immersion Level for General Therapeutic Bath

• For a general therapeutic bath, the patient can be immersed in water:
  • Up to the level of the heart area
  • Other options like before the umbilicus, before the handle of the sternum, before the xiphoid process, or before the level of the costal arch might be appropriate depending on the specific therapeutic goals and patient comfort.

Timing of Inhalation Procedure

• The inhalation procedure using a steam inhaler should be carried out:
  • 1-1.5 hours after eating
  • Connection with food intake may matter to minimize discomfort or reduce the risk of aspiration.

Use of a Pocket Inhaler

• When using a pocket inhaler, the patient should:
  • Cover the mouthpiece tightly with his lips, take a deep breath, and at the same time press the bottom of the inhaler.

Nasal Catheter Position Change

• The position of the nasal catheter should be changed:
  • Every 1-2 hours
  • Other options like every 10-20 minutes, every 30-40 minutes, every 2-3 hours, or not changing the position might be considered based on patient comfort and to prevent irritation.

Oxygen Content to Eliminate Tissue Hypoxia

• The oxygen content in the oxygen-air mixture that eliminates the state of tissue hypoxia is not directly addressed in the provided studies, but options include:
  • 25%
  • 30%
  • 50%
  • 70%
  • 90%

Action for Nasal Irritation During Oxygen Therapy

• If the patient develops irritation in the nose and nasopharynx during oxygen therapy:
  • Temporarily stop the introduction of oxygen, drip oil drops into the nose
  • Other actions like stopping oxygen administration, calling a doctor, continuing oxygen administration, or reducing the oxygen supply rate might be considered based on the severity of irritation and patient comfort.

Mistake in Nurse's Actions During Oxygen Therapy with a Mask

• A mistake in the nurse's actions during oxygen therapy with a mask might include:
  • Not preparing oxygen supply humidification
  • The oxygen supply mask is not pressed tightly against the patient's mouth, or it is kept away from the patient's mouth, which could be appropriate depending on the type of mask and patient needs.

Action for Unimproved Asthma Condition

• If the patient's condition does not improve after using a pocket inhaler:
  • Call the doctor
  • Other options like continuing to use the pocket inhaler, giving the patient oxygen inhalation, establishing continuous inhalation of oxygen through a nasal catheter, or providing oxygen inhalation with defoamers might be considered based on the patient's condition and medical supervision.

Error in Pocket Inhaler Algorithm

• An error in the algorithm of actions when using a pocket inhaler might include:
  • Not removing the cap and turning the inhaler upside down
  • Not shaking the inhaler
  • The patient not breathing slowly
  • The patient not covering the mouthpiece tightly with his lips
  • The patient not taking a deep breath out and at the same time pressing the bottom of the inhaler, holding his breath.

Oxygen Pressure in Cylinders

• The oxygen pressure in cylinders is typically:
  • 2000 psi (pounds per square inch), which is approximately 137 bar or 137 atm, but the exact pressure can vary.

Common Non-Invasive Way to Measure Oxygenation

• The most common and non-invasive way to measure a patient's oxygenation is:
  • Pulse oximeter
  • Other options like ventilator arterial blood gas (or ABG) and CPAP are more invasive or require specific equipment.

Nurse's Actions for Asthma Attack

• For a patient suffering from bronchial asthma with an asthma attack:
  • Use a pocket inhaler with the drug "Salbutamol"
  • Other options like giving the patient a sniff of ammonia, giving the patient drops of valocordin, giving the patient oxygen through the Bobrov apparatus, or calling a resuscitator might be considered based on the severity of the attack and medical supervision.

Heating Water for Thermal Inhaler

• The nurse must heat the water in a thermal inhaler to:
  • A temperature that is comfortable for the patient and effective for the medication, but the exact temperature is not specified in the provided studies.

Action for Patient's Adverse Reaction During Bath

• If the patient turns pale, complains of headache, heartache, dizziness during a general therapeutic warm bath:
  • Urgently stop the procedure, call a doctor
  • Other actions like giving the patient to smell ammoniacal alcohol, giving the patient valocordin drops, giving the patient oxygen, or lowering the bath temperature might be considered based on the severity of the reaction and medical supervision.