From the Research
For a general therapeutic bath, a patient should be immersed in water before the level of the xiphoid process. This means the water level should reach just below the xiphoid process, which is the small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum (breastbone). This water level allows for adequate immersion of the body to achieve therapeutic benefits while ensuring patient safety and comfort. The xiphoid process serves as an important anatomical landmark because immersing the patient beyond this point could cause discomfort with breathing and put pressure on the diaphragm.
Some of the key points to consider when assigning a general therapeutic bath include:
- Ensuring the water temperature is appropriate, usually between 93-98°F or 34-37°C 1
- Assisting the patient as needed for safe entry and exit from the tub
- Monitoring the patient's comfort and adjusting the water level as necessary
- Being aware of the potential benefits of immersion bathing, such as improved cardiovascular functions and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines 2
It's also important to note that the level of immersion can affect the patient's experience and outcomes. For example, a study found that immersion bathing increased skin hydration and transepidermal water loss, but the effects were similar to those of showering 3. However, another study found that repeated hyperthermia by bathing in a hot spring improved cardiovascular functions and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic heart failure 2.
In terms of specific guidelines, there is no one-size-fits-all approach, but immersion before the level of the xiphoid process is generally recommended. This allows for adequate immersion of the body while minimizing the risk of discomfort or complications. Healthcare providers should use their clinical judgment and consider the individual patient's needs and medical history when assigning a general therapeutic bath.