From the Research
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a common childhood viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 that typically presents with a distinctive "slapped cheek" rash on the face, followed by a lacy red rash on the trunk and limbs, and is usually self-limiting, requiring only symptomatic treatment. The illness usually resolves within 1-3 weeks without complications. Fifth disease spreads through respiratory secretions and is most contagious before the rash appears. Once the rash develops, the person is usually no longer contagious. Special precautions are needed for pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and those with certain blood disorders, as complications can occur in these groups. The virus can temporarily suppress red blood cell production, which is particularly concerning for people with conditions like sickle cell anemia.
Key Considerations
- The most recent and highest quality study, 1, highlights the significance of parvovirus B19 infection in children, including its potential for severe complications in high-risk groups.
- According to 1, parvovirus B19 can lead to severe complications, including transient aplastic crisis in individuals with chronic hemolytic anemias, arthralgia, and more severe joint diseases.
- Hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are the best preventive measures, as no vaccine exists for fifth disease, as noted in 2 and 1.
Management and Prevention
- Symptomatic treatment with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort, as well as rest and adequate fluid intake, are recommended for managing fifth disease.
- Special precautions are necessary for high-risk groups, including pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and those with certain blood disorders, to prevent complications.
- Early recognition and prompt management are crucial for improving patient outcomes, as emphasized in 1.