From the Research
The menstrual cycle typically consists of four main phases: menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and luteal, which are regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries, as described in the study by 1. The menstrual phase begins with the shedding of the uterine lining, causing bleeding that lasts about 3-7 days.
- The follicular phase, which overlaps with menstruation, is characterized by the stimulation of follicle development in the ovaries by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the rise of estrogen levels, causing the uterine lining to thicken, as noted in the study by 2.
- Ovulation occurs when luteinizing hormone (LH) surges, triggering the release of a mature egg from the ovary, as described in the study by 3.
- The luteal phase follows, where the ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining for potential pregnancy, as explained in the study by 4. If fertilization doesn't occur, hormone levels drop, triggering menstruation and beginning the cycle again.
- The study by 5 highlights the physiological changes in women's skin during the menstrual cycle, including changes in skin elasticity, hydration, temperature, blood flow, and sweating, which can be useful in aligning treatment for women with abnormal menstrual cycles. The phases of the menstrual cycle are controlled by a complex feedback system that regulates reproductive function, as discussed in the study by 1.
- The hypothalamus sets the beat for the menstrual cycle by the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH, as explained in the study by 1.
- The ovarian follicle is composed of three key cells: theca cells, granulosa cells, and the oocyte, which play a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, as noted in the study by 1.