Differential Diagnosis for a Pediatric Rash Resembling a Sunburn
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Erythema multiforme: This condition is characterized by target-like lesions and can sometimes present with a sunburn-like appearance. It's often triggered by viral infections or medications.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Viral exanthem (e.g., roseola, measles, or enterovirus): Many viral infections can cause rashes that may resemble sunburn, especially in the early stages.
- Contact dermatitis: Irritant or allergic reactions to substances like soap, lotion, or plants can cause a rash that looks like sunburn.
- Phototoxicity or photoallergic reactions: Certain medications or substances can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, leading to a sunburn-like rash.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS): This condition, caused by staphylococcal toxins, can lead to widespread skin blistering and peeling, resembling a severe sunburn. It's a medical emergency, especially in infants and young children.
- Toxic shock syndrome: Although rare, this condition can cause a sunburn-like rash, along with other severe symptoms like fever, vomiting, and hypotension.
- Kawasaki disease: This condition can present with a rash, fever, and other symptoms, and it's essential to diagnose and treat promptly to prevent cardiac complications.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Juvenile dermatomyositis: This autoimmune condition can cause a rash, muscle weakness, and other symptoms. The rash may resemble a sunburn, especially on the face and extremities.
- Lupus erythematosus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause a photosensitive rash, among other symptoms, in some cases resembling a sunburn.