What are the differences between internal and external hemorrhoids?

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From the Guidelines

The primary distinction between internal and external hemorrhoids lies in their location, symptoms, and treatment options, with internal hemorrhoids being generally painless and external hemorrhoids causing significant pain, especially when thrombosed. The differences between internal and external hemorrhoids can be outlined as follows:

  • Internal hemorrhoids:
    • Develop inside the rectum
    • Typically painless, but may cause bright red bleeding during bowel movements
    • Can prolapse or protrude outside the anus, potentially becoming painful
    • Classified into four degrees based on symptoms, with first-degree hemorrhoids bleeding but not protruding, and fourth-degree hemorrhoids being irreducible 1
  • External hemorrhoids:
    • Form under the skin around the anus
    • Usually asymptomatic unless thrombosis occurs, leading to acute pain
    • Often appear as bluish, tender lumps
    • May require surgical drainage if thrombosed, especially within the first 72 hours for pain relief The location of hemorrhoids relative to the dentate line determines their classification as internal or external, with external hemorrhoids becoming symptomatic primarily when thrombosed or when skin tags interfere with hygiene 1.

From the Research

Differences between Internal and External Hemorrhoids

  • Definition and Origin:
    • Internal hemorrhoids develop from the intraluminal corpus cavernosum recti 2
    • External hemorrhoids develop from the perianal marginal veins 2
  • Symptoms:
    • Internal hemorrhoids: blood loss and prolapse feeling during defecation 2
    • External hemorrhoids: pain is the prominent symptom 2
  • Treatment:
    • Internal hemorrhoids: treated either conservatively or surgically, depending upon their severity 2
    • External hemorrhoids: surgical treatment provides the most rapid and persistent relief of symptoms 2
  • Classification: Hemorrhoids can be classified into three types: internal, external, and internal-external (mixed) 3
  • Therapeutic Options: Various therapeutic options are available for hemorrhoids, and the severity of hemorrhoidal disease determines the proper therapy 3

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

[Internal and external haemorrhoids].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2011

Research

The rectal rocket: a two-day treatment for hemorrhoids.

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding, 2007

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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