What are the possible causes of a 73-year-old male's normocytic anemia, with laboratory results indicating low red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct), along with symptoms of night sweats?

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Differential Diagnosis

The patient's laboratory results and symptoms suggest a differential diagnosis that can be categorized as follows:

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD): The patient's iron studies (low iron saturation, normal ferritin, and elevated TIBC) and mild anemia with a high RDW suggest ACD. The presence of night sweats, which can be a symptom of chronic inflammation or infection, further supports this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA): Although the patient's ferritin levels are within the normal range, the low iron saturation and elevated TIBC suggest possible IDA. However, the absence of a clear source of iron loss and the presence of inflammation make ACD more likely.
    • Mixed Anemia: The patient's laboratory results show features of both ACD (low iron saturation, normal ferritin) and IDA (elevated TIBC, low iron). A mixed anemia, with both chronic disease and iron deficiency components, is possible.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Lymphoma: Night sweats are a classic symptom of lymphoma, and the patient's anemia and elevated RDW could be indicative of a hematologic malignancy. Although the likelihood is low, lymphoma must be considered and ruled out.
    • Tuberculosis: Night sweats are also a common symptom of tuberculosis, and the patient's anemia and elevated RDW could be related to chronic infection. Although the likelihood is low, tuberculosis must be considered and ruled out.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): The patient's anemia, elevated RDW, and abnormal iron studies could be indicative of MDS, a rare group of disorders characterized by bone marrow failure.
    • Sideroblastic Anemia: The patient's elevated RDW and abnormal iron studies could be suggestive of sideroblastic anemia, a rare group of disorders characterized by abnormal iron metabolism and erythropoiesis.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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