Can inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) increase the risk of developing Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)?

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Last updated: May 11, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

There is no established direct causal link between inhaled steroids and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone, and mometasone are commonly prescribed for asthma and COPD and have not been shown in large epidemiological studies to increase NHL risk 1. These medications work primarily locally in the lungs with minimal systemic absorption compared to oral or injectable steroids. While long-term use of any medication should be monitored, the benefits of inhaled steroids in controlling respiratory inflammation typically outweigh theoretical risks.

Key Points to Consider

  • Patients with concerns should continue their prescribed inhaled steroid regimen while discussing specific worries with their healthcare provider.
  • It's worth noting that NHL development is influenced by multiple factors including genetics, immune system function, certain infections, and environmental exposures, rather than inhaled steroid use 2.
  • Regular medical follow-ups remain important for anyone using long-term medications.
  • The provided studies do not establish a direct link between inhaled steroids and NHL, with the most recent study focusing on the adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD patients 1, and another study discussing the diagnosis and treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma without mentioning inhaled steroids as a risk factor 2.

Recommendations for Patients and Healthcare Providers

  • Continue prescribed inhaled steroid regimens for asthma and COPD management.
  • Monitor patients for potential side effects of inhaled steroids, such as pneumonia, oral candidiasis, and dysphonia 1.
  • Discuss any concerns or worries about inhaled steroid use with a healthcare provider.
  • Regular medical follow-ups are crucial for patients using long-term medications, including inhaled steroids.

References

Research

Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2021

Research

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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