What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism: a) Idiopathic parathyroid (Parathyroid) hyperplasia, b) Familial hyperparathyroidism, c) Parathyroid (PT) adenoma, or d) Primary parathyroid carcinoma?

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From the Guidelines

La causa más frecuente de hiperparatiroidismo primario es el adenoma paratiroideo (c). Esto se debe a que, según el estudio publicado en el Journal of the American College of Radiology en 2021 1, el adenoma paratiroideo es responsable de aproximadamente el 80% de los casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario. Esta condición se caracteriza por la producción excesiva de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) por una glándula paratiroidea hiperfuncionante, lo que lleva a hipercalcemia.

Algunas de las características clave del adenoma paratiroideo incluyen:

  • Es una tumoración benigna que se desarrolla en una de las cuatro glándulas paratiroides
  • Causa una producción excesiva de PTH, lo que lleva a niveles elevados de calcio en la sangre
  • Puede causar síntomas como dolor óseo, piedras en el riñón, malestar abdominal y manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas

En comparación, la hiperplasia paratiroidea idiopática (a) es responsable de aproximadamente el 15% de los casos, mientras que el carcinoma primario de paratiroides (d) es raro, causando menos del 1% de los casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario. La hiperparatiroidismo familiar (b) también es poco común y puede estar asociada con síndromes genéticos como el síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple (MEN). El tratamiento habitual implica la extracción quirúrgica de la glándula afectada, lo que es curativo en la mayoría de los casos de hiperparatiroidismo causado por adenoma.

From the Research

Causas del hiperparatiroidismo primario

La causa más frecuente de hiperparatiroidismo primario es:

  • Adenoma paratiroideo, que se presenta en el 80-90% de los casos 2, 3, 4, 5

Características del adenoma paratiroideo

  • Puede ser sólido o quístico, aunque los quísticos son menos comunes y suelen ser no funcionales 2
  • Puede presentarse con hipercalcemia, hipofosfatemia y niveles elevados de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) 3, 6, 5

Otras causas de hiperparatiroidismo primario

  • Hiperplasia paratiroidea idiopática, que se presenta en un porcentaje menor de casos 3, 6
  • Hiperparatiroidismo familiar, que es una causa rara del hiperparatiroidismo primario 3
  • Carcinoma primario de paratiroides, que es una causa muy rara del hiperparatiroidismo primario 3, 4

References

1
Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

4
Research

Primary hyperparathyroidism-related giant parathyroid adenoma (Review).

Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2022

6
Research

Primary hyperparathyroidism.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2018

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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