What are the effects of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption on a lactating mother's breast milk and her breast-feeding toddler?

From the Guidelines

THC consumption by a nursing mother is not recommended as it can pass into breast milk and affect the breastfeeding toddler. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component in cannabis, can be detected in breast milk for up to six days after use and possibly longer with regular consumption. When transferred to the toddler through breast milk, THC may impact brain development, cause drowsiness, decreased muscle tone, and potentially affect long-term cognitive function. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to THC exposure, which may interfere with normal neurodevelopment.

Key Points to Consider

• The U.S. Surgeon General and the FDA advise pregnant and breastfeeding people to avoid using cannabis in any form, including CBD products 1.
• The American Academy of Pediatrics and other medical organizations advise against cannabis use during breastfeeding.
• If a nursing mother does use cannabis, she should consider temporarily pumping and discarding her milk ("pump and dump") for at least 24 hours, though this may not eliminate all THC due to its storage in body fat.
• For mothers who require cannabis for medical reasons, discussing alternative medications with a healthcare provider is recommended to find options that are safer during breastfeeding.

Recommendations for Nursing Mothers

• Avoid using cannabis in any form, including CBD products, during breastfeeding.
• If cannabis use is necessary, consider alternative medications with a healthcare provider.
• Temporarily pump and discard breast milk for at least 24 hours after cannabis use.
• Be aware of the potential risks of THC exposure to the breastfeeding toddler, including impact on brain development and long-term cognitive function.

From the Research

Effects of THC Consumption on Nursing Mothers

• There is limited research on the specific effects of THC consumption by a nursing mother with a breast-feeding toddler.
• However, it is known that THC is highly lipid soluble and can be rapidly taken up by fat tissue, including breast tissue 2.
• This suggests that THC can be secreted in breast milk, potentially exposing the breast-feeding toddler to the compound.
• The bioavailability of ingested THC is only 4% to 12%, but it can still have an impact on the toddler's developing brain and body 2.

Potential Risks and Considerations

• The use of medicinal cannabis, including THC, has been associated with both positive and negative effects on mental health 3.
• High doses of CBD have been shown to provide some acute relief in anxiety, while CBD + THC combinations may alleviate withdrawal in cannabis use disorder and improve sleep 3.
• However, THC has been associated with dose-dependent adverse events and deterioration of primary study outcomes in some cases 3.
• It is essential to consider the potential risks and benefits of THC consumption by a nursing mother and to consult with a healthcare professional before using any cannabis-based products 4, 5, 6.

Lack of Research on Breast-Feeding Toddlers

• There is a lack of research on the specific effects of THC consumption on breast-feeding toddlers, and more studies are needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits.
• The current evidence is limited, and it is crucial to approach this topic with caution and to prioritize the health and well-being of both the mother and the toddler 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.