Differential Diagnosis for Expiratory Rattling Sound on Auscultation
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): This condition is characterized by chronic inflammation and airflow limitation in the lungs, often leading to expiratory wheezing or rattling sounds due to the obstruction of airways.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Asthma: Similar to COPD, asthma can cause expiratory wheezing or rattling sounds due to airway constriction and inflammation.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are permanently enlarged, leading to chronic cough, sputum production, and expiratory rattling sounds.
- Pneumonia: Certain types of pneumonia, especially those caused by bacterial or viral infections, can lead to expiratory rattling sounds due to the presence of secretions and inflammation in the airways.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, a pulmonary embolism can cause sudden onset of expiratory wheezing or rattling sounds, especially if it leads to pulmonary infarction or hemorrhage.
- Foreign Body Aspiration: Aspiration of a foreign body can cause sudden onset of expiratory rattling sounds, especially in children or adults with altered mental status.
- Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis can cause stridor and expiratory rattling sounds, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, causing chronic respiratory infections and expiratory rattling sounds.
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A rare genetic disorder that can cause COPD-like symptoms, including expiratory wheezing or rattling sounds, especially in non-smokers.
- Tracheobronchomalacia: A rare condition characterized by weakness or floppiness of the airway walls, leading to expiratory rattling sounds or wheezing.