From the Guidelines
Intensive care units should implement a controlled access system that balances easy access for authorized personnel with the need for patient safety and security, as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 1. The primary goal of controlled access in an intensive care unit (ICU) is to ensure the safety and security of patients, staff, and visitors while allowing for efficient and effective care.
- Key considerations for controlled access in ICUs include:
- Electronic badge access for staff to restrict entry to authorized personnel only
- Visitor management protocols with designated visiting hours and limited visitor numbers
- Physical security measures such as video surveillance, reception desks, and alarmed doors
- Easy and quick access to the ICU for authorized personnel, as emphasized by the European Heart Journal 1
- The ICU setting requires a unique approach to controlled access, taking into account the vulnerability of patients and the need for specialized care, as noted in the Intensive Care Medicine journal 1.
- A multi-layered controlled access system can help balance the need for family involvement in patient care with the requirements for patient safety, privacy, and optimal clinical operations, as recommended by the Intensive Care Medicine journal 1.
- The implementation of controlled access measures should be guided by the principles of minimizing infection risks, protecting high-value equipment and controlled medications, and ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive patient information.
From the Research
Controlled Access in Intensive Care Units
To implement controlled access in an intensive care unit (ICU), several factors must be considered to ensure patient safety and prevent healthcare-associated infections.
- The design of the ICU environment plays a crucial role in patient safety and quality of care 2.
- A well-designed ICU should have single-occupancy, acuity-scalable rooms to reduce the risk of infection transmission.
- Effective design and operational use of the ICU environment must engage critical care personnel from initial planning and design through occupancy of the new/renovated ICU as part of the infection control risk assessment team 2.
Access Control Measures
Some access control measures that can be implemented in an ICU include:
- Restricting access to authorized personnel only
- Implementing hand hygiene protocols for all individuals entering the ICU 2, 3
- Using personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, and masks when interacting with patients
- Designating specific areas for donning and doffing PPE to prevent contamination
Infection Prevention and Control
Infection prevention and control are critical components of controlled access in an ICU.
- The use of antimicrobial-treated materials, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, and specialized rooms for airborne infection isolation and protective environments can help reduce the risk of infection transmission 2.
- Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, equipment, and patient rooms are also essential in preventing healthcare-associated infections 2, 3.
Patient Safety
Patient safety is a top priority in an ICU, and controlled access can help ensure that patients receive high-quality care in a safe environment.