What classroom techniques improve academic performance and retention in medical learners?

From the Guidelines

Simulation-based teaching, active learning strategies, and multimodal approaches are the most effective classroom techniques for improving academic performance and retention in medical learners. These techniques have been shown to promote deeper cognitive processing, strengthen neural connections, and create multiple retrieval pathways for information, making knowledge more accessible during high-pressure clinical situations 1.

Key Techniques

• Simulation-based teaching: This approach has been demonstrated to be effective in improving technical skills and reducing adverse events in clinical practice, as shown in a study by Barsuk et al. 1.
• Active learning strategies: Techniques such as problem-based learning, team-based learning, and case discussions engage students more deeply than passive lectures, allowing them to apply knowledge in realistic scenarios.
• Multimodal approaches: Combining visual, auditory, and kinesthetic approaches accommodates different learning styles and reinforces concepts through multiple neural pathways.

Benefits

• Improved technical skills: Simulation-based teaching has been shown to improve technical skills, such as chest tube drainage, in medical learners 1.
• Increased confidence: Simulation-based teaching and active learning strategies have been shown to increase learners' confidence in their ability to perform technical skills 1.
• Reduced adverse events: Simulation-based teaching has been shown to reduce adverse events in clinical practice, such as iatrogenic pneumothorax 1.

Implementation

• Incorporating simulation-based teaching into the curriculum: This can be done using low-fidelity manikins, cadavers, or high-fidelity simulators.
• Using active learning strategies: Techniques such as problem-based learning, team-based learning, and case discussions can be incorporated into the curriculum to engage students more deeply.
• Providing immediate feedback: Learners should receive immediate, specific feedback to help them identify and correct misconceptions quickly.

From the Research

Classroom Techniques for Improved Academic Performance and Retention

Several classroom techniques have been proven to improve academic performance and retention in medical learners, including:

• Active learning strategies, such as simulation, small-group discussion, and peer instruction, which engage learners in constructing knowledge through interactive strategies 2, 3
• Simulation-based medical education (SBME) skills and concepts, such as psychological safety, facilitation, and communication techniques, which can be transferred to active learning environments outside of the simulation lab 2
• Problem-based learning and flipped classroom approaches, which promote critical thinking and decision-making skills 4
• Experiential learning strategies, such as hands-on activities and real-world applications, which can improve knowledge retention and skills development 5

Key Factors for Successful Implementation

For these techniques to be effective, several key factors must be considered, including:

• The need for faculty development and training in active learning strategies and SBME skills 2
• The importance of creating a psychologically safe and supportive learning environment 2, 4
• The need for clear expectations and preparatory materials to support learner engagement and success 6
• The importance of aligning active learning experiences with assessment and evaluation methods to promote learner motivation and engagement 6

Benefits for Medical Learners

The use of these classroom techniques can have numerous benefits for medical learners, including:

• Improved academic performance and knowledge retention 3, 5
• Enhanced critical thinking and decision-making skills 4
• Increased learner engagement and motivation 2, 6
• Better preparation for real-world clinical practice and patient care 3, 5