From the Research
The primary cause of emphysematous cystitis is a gas-producing bacterial infection in the urinary bladder, most commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Klebsiella pneumoniae, as reported in the most recent study 1. This condition occurs when bacteria ferment glucose in the urine, producing carbon dioxide that accumulates in the bladder wall and lumen. Emphysematous cystitis predominantly affects individuals with diabetes mellitus, as elevated glucose levels in their urine provide an ideal environment for bacterial growth and gas production. Some key points to consider in the management of emphysematous cystitis include:
- Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin 500mg twice daily for 7-14 days) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160/800mg twice daily for 7-14 days), along with strict glycemic control for diabetic patients, as suggested by 2 and 3.
- Severe cases may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and bladder drainage via catheterization.
- Underlying conditions like urinary obstruction, neurogenic bladder, or immunosuppression can increase susceptibility to this infection, as noted in 4 and 5.
- Prompt treatment is essential as the condition can progress to emphysematous pyelonephritis or urosepsis if left untreated, highlighting the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management, as emphasized in 1.