Which type of carcinoma is more common in the external auditory canal, squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma?

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Last updated: September 24, 2026 • View editorial policy

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Carcinoma Espinocelular é Mais Comum no Conduto Auditivo Externo

O carcinoma espinocelular (de células escamosas) é significativamente mais comum no conduto auditivo externo do que o carcinoma basocelular, representando aproximadamente 60% dos casos, enquanto o basocelular representa cerca de 26% 1, 2.

Epidemiologia Específica do CAE

Os carcinomas do conduto auditivo externo (CAE) são extremamente raros, representando menos de 0,2% de todos os cânceres de cabeça e pescoço, com incidência anual de aproximadamente 1 por milhão de pessoas 3, 4, 5. Dentro desta população já rara:

  • Carcinoma espinocelular: 60-90% dos casos 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
  • Carcinoma basocelular: 26% dos casos 2
  • Outros tipos histológicos: 13% dos casos (incluindo tumores neuroendócrinos, carcinoma verrucoso) 4, 2

Diferenças Importantes no Comportamento Clínico

Carcinoma Espinocelular do CAE

  • Apresentação mais frequente em estágios avançados (68,4% com doença Pittsburgh estágio III-IV) 2
  • Maior potencial metastático
  • Frequentemente associado a otite média supurativa crônica de longa data 3
  • Pode ter extensão agressiva envolvendo nervos cranianos, base do crânio e estruturas adjacentes 3

Carcinoma Basocelular do CAE

Embora o carcinoma basocelular seja 4-5 vezes mais comum que o espinocelular na pele em geral 6, no CAE esta relação se inverte completamente. Importante destacar que o carcinoma basocelular do CAE apresenta comportamento atípico:

  • Comportamento mais agressivo do que em outras localizações cutâneas 7
  • Prognóstico surpreendentemente pobre, com recorrências locais mesmo após excisão radical com margens livres 7
  • Quatro de seis pacientes em uma série morreram da doença dentro de 5 anos após cirurgia 7

Armadilha Clínica Crítica

Não assuma que o carcinoma basocelular do CAE terá o comportamento indolente típico desta neoplasia em outras localizações. A localização no CAE confere características agressivas incomuns, com prognóstico que pode se aproximar do carcinoma espinocelular 7. Esta é uma diferença fundamental em relação ao padrão geral de cânceres de pele não-melanoma, onde o basocelular raramente metastatiza 6.

Implicações Prognósticas

A sobrevida global em 3 anos para carcinomas do CAE tratados com intenção curativa é de aproximadamente 96,9%, mas cai drasticamente para 0% em casos paliativos 2. O estágio avançado ao diagnóstico é significativamente associado à redução da sobrevida global (p=0,05) 2.

References

Research

Non-melanoma skin cancer of the external auditory canal: long-term outcomes of a tertiary head and neck unit.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025

Research

External Auditory Canal Carcinoma With An Unusually Extensive Invasion.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2023

Research

First Report on a Rare Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumour of the External Auditory Canal Involving Pinna.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2025

Guideline

basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN, 2010

Research

Basal cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal.

Acta chirurgica Belgica, 2002

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