From the Guidelines
Epididymorchitis can potentially cause sterility if left untreated or not managed properly, as it may lead to complications such as infertility or chronic pain. Epididymorchitis is an inflammation of the epididymis and testicle that can lead to fertility problems if not treated promptly and effectively. The risk of sterility increases with severe or recurrent infections, bilateral involvement (affecting both testicles), or delayed treatment. According to the 1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1, treatment of epididymitis caused by C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae can prevent complications such as infertility.
Key points to consider in the management of epididymorchitis to prevent sterility include:
- Prompt treatment with antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or doxycycline, for 10-14 days
- Completing the full course of antibiotics to prevent complications
- Pain management with NSAIDs like ibuprofen
- Scrotal support and rest to reduce inflammation
- Seeking medical attention within 24-48 hours of symptom onset to reduce the risk of permanent fertility damage. The underlying mechanism involves inflammatory damage to the delicate tubules of the epididymis, which can lead to obstructive azoospermia if scarring occurs, as suggested by the potential complications mentioned in the guidelines 1.
It is essential to note that the risk of sterility can be minimized with prompt and effective treatment, emphasizing the importance of seeking medical attention early in the course of the disease.
From the Research
Epididymorchitis and Sterility
- Epididymorchitis is an inflammation of the epididymis that can lead to various complications, including sterility 2.
- According to a study, about 40 out of 100 patients develop post-inflammatory sub-fertility, indicating a potential link between epididymorchitis and sterility 2.
- The study also mentions that virulence factors like haemolysin A produced by uropathogenic E. coli have a negative impact on semen parameters, which can contribute to sterility 2.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Epididymorchitis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections, sexually transmitted infections, and urinary tract pathogens 3, 4, 5.
- The risk of sterility may be higher in cases where the infection is left untreated or is caused by certain types of bacteria, such as those that produce haemolysin A 2.