From the Guidelines
Fresh mushrooms can potentially trigger an anaphylactic reaction in individuals with moderate persistent asthma, though this is relatively uncommon. Mushroom allergies exist and can cause severe reactions in susceptible individuals, particularly those with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma. The proteins in mushrooms can act as allergens, triggering the immune system to release chemicals like histamine that cause symptoms ranging from mild (hives, itching) to severe (difficulty breathing, drop in blood pressure) 1. For someone with moderate persistent asthma, such a reaction could be particularly dangerous as their airways are already compromised. If you suspect a mushroom allergy, avoid consumption and consult an allergist for proper testing. If experiencing symptoms of anaphylaxis (throat tightness, difficulty breathing, dizziness), use an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen, 0.3mg for adults or 0.15mg for children) immediately and seek emergency medical attention 1. People with asthma should ensure their condition is well-controlled with appropriate controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β-agonists (LABAs), and always carry rescue inhalers 1. The connection between asthma and food allergies involves shared inflammatory pathways, making asthmatics potentially more vulnerable to severe allergic reactions. Some key points to consider include:
- The importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of asthma and allergies
- The potential for anaphylaxis to occur in individuals with mushroom allergies
- The need for immediate administration of epinephrine in cases of anaphylaxis
- The importance of seeking medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.
From the Research
Anaphylactic Reaction to Fresh Mushrooms in Moderate Persistent Asthma
- Fresh mushrooms can potentially trigger an anaphylactic reaction in individuals with moderate persistent asthma, as evidenced by studies on mushroom allergy and asthma 2, 3, 4, 5.
- The overall extent of mushroom allergy is not well-known, but it may be as prevalent as pollen and mold allergy (10-30% of an allergic population) 2.
- Certain species of mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, have been associated with anaphylactic reactions after ingestion, particularly in individuals with prior sensitization to mold aeroallergens 5.
- Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) have also been reported to cause severe work-related asthma, with IgE-mediated pathogenesis confirmed through skin tests and immunoblotting 4.
- The allergenicity of various mushroom species and families is still not fully understood, and further research is needed to determine the specific allergens and cross-reactivity involved 2, 6.
Key Findings
- Mushroom allergens can cause type I allergy, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis 2, 5.
- Cross-reactivity between mushroom allergens and mold aeroallergens may contribute to severe food reactions in sensitized individuals 5.
- Avoiding contact with specific mushroom species or wearing protective gear, such as gloves, can help prevent allergic reactions 6, 4.