From the Research
Physiotherapy is strongly indicated for individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It should be initiated early after diagnosis and continued throughout the disease course, with treatment plans adapted as symptoms evolve. Physiotherapy interventions typically include individualized exercise programs focusing on strength training, balance exercises, stretching, and aerobic conditioning. These programs should be tailored to the patient's specific symptoms, disability level, and disease phase. Frequency varies based on individual needs, but often involves 2-3 sessions weekly during active rehabilitation phases, with home exercise programs for maintenance.
Key Benefits of Physiotherapy in MS
- Improving mobility
- Reducing fatigue
- Enhancing balance and coordination
- Maintaining muscle strength
- Preventing contractures
- Teaching energy conservation techniques The scientific basis for these benefits relates to neuroplasticity, where regular physical activity promotes neural adaptation and potentially slows neurodegeneration 1. Additionally, exercise improves cardiovascular health, reduces inflammation, and helps manage secondary complications.
Evidence Supporting Physiotherapy in MS
Studies have shown that physiotherapy interventions can be a safe and beneficial option for spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis 2. Furthermore, exercise therapy, especially robot gait training and outpatient exercise programs, has been found to have beneficial effects on self-perceived spasticity and muscle tone respectively 2.
Comprehensive MS Management Approach
Physiotherapy should be part of a comprehensive MS management approach, complementing medical treatments and addressing the variable, progressive nature of the disease. This approach should include a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists, to provide individualized care and support to patients with MS.
Recent Study Findings
A recent study found that physiotherapy interventions can improve fitness, functional capacity, and quality of life in MS patients, as well as modifiable impairments 1. Another study found that exercise training with low to moderate intensity can result in the improvement of aerobic fitness and reduction of fatigue in MS patients affected by mild or moderate disability 1.
Clinical Recommendations
Based on the evidence, physiotherapy should be initiated early in the disease course and continued throughout, with regular assessments and adjustments to the treatment plan as needed. Physiotherapists should work closely with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care and support to patients with MS.