From the Research
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is primarily treated with supportive care, focusing on managing symptoms, as it is a viral infection that typically resolves on its own within 7-10 days. Treatment includes over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to reduce fever and alleviate pain from mouth sores, with dosing following package instructions based on age and weight 1. It is crucial to avoid aspirin in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Maintaining hydration by offering cold, soothing liquids like water, milk, or ice pops, while avoiding acidic or spicy foods that may irritate mouth sores, is also important. Saltwater rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can help relieve mouth pain. For skin rash discomfort, calamine lotion may provide relief. Rest is important for recovery. Since HFMD is highly contagious, patients should avoid close contact with others, especially pregnant women and infants, and practice good hygiene including frequent handwashing and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces.
Key Considerations
- The disease is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71, which explains why antibiotics are ineffective and why the body must clear the infection naturally 2.
- In severe or complicated cases, intravenous immunoglobulin should be considered for treatment, as recommended by several national and international guideline committees 2.
- There are no specific antiviral agents approved for the treatment of HFMD, but vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas and good personal hygiene are important preventative measures 1.
- Atypical manifestations of HFMD, including various skin rashes and neurological complications, can occur and require timely diagnosis and appropriate management 3.
Management Approach
- Symptomatic treatment is the mainstay of HFMD management, focusing on relieving pain, reducing fever, and maintaining hydration.
- Preventive measures, such as vaccination in high-risk areas and good hygiene practices, are crucial in controlling the spread of the disease.
- Monitoring for complications, especially in severe cases or those caused by certain strains like enterovirus 71, is essential for early detection and management of neurological or other severe complications 4.