What are the recommended injection sites for Botox (Botulinum toxin) in the treatment of migraines?

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Botox Injection Sites for Migraine Treatment

For chronic migraine treatment, onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) should be administered across 31-39 specific sites in the head and neck muscles, with a total dose of 155-195 units administered intramuscularly every 12 weeks. 1

Standard Injection Protocol (PREEMPT Paradigm)

The FDA-approved protocol for Botox injections in chronic migraine follows the PREEMPT (Phase III REsearch Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy) injection paradigm, which targets specific muscle groups:

Fixed-Site Approach (Core Areas):

  • Procerus muscle: 5 units (1 site)
  • Corrugator muscles: 10 units (2 sites, 5 units each)
  • Frontalis muscles: 20 units (4 sites, 5 units each)
  • Temporalis muscles: 40 units (8 sites, 5 units each)
  • Occipitalis muscles: 30 units (6 sites, 5 units each)
  • Cervical paraspinal muscles: 20 units (4 sites, 5 units each)
  • Trapezius muscles: 30 units (6 sites, 5 units each)

Follow-the-Pain Approach (Additional Sites):

  • Additional 40 units can be administered using the "follow-the-pain" approach, targeting specific areas where the patient experiences pain 2, 3
  • Common additional injection sites include:
    • Additional temporal region injections
    • Additional occipital region injections
    • Additional trapezius muscle injections

Technical Considerations

When injecting in the upper face (glabellar and frontal regions), special attention should be paid to:

  • Glabellar region: Inject into the procerus and corrugator supercilii muscles while considering individual facial anatomy to prevent ptosis 3
  • Frontal region: Space injections appropriately in the frontalis muscle to avoid excessive forehead immobility 3
  • Temporal region: Inject at least 1.5 cm above the orbital rim to avoid complications 3

Efficacy and Dosing Considerations

  • The VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline provides a "weak for" recommendation for onabotulinumtoxinA injection specifically for chronic migraine (not episodic migraine) 4
  • Mayo Clinic notes that onabotulinumtoxinA is FDA-approved for prophylaxis of headache in adults with chronic migraine 4
  • Higher doses (195 units) may provide better efficacy than standard doses (155 units) after repeated injections 5
  • Treatment response is typically defined as at least 30-50% reduction in headache days 1

Important Caveats

  • Botox is not recommended for episodic migraine treatment 4
  • Treatment should be administered by clinicians trained in the PREEMPT protocol
  • Patients should be monitored for adverse effects including neck pain, muscle weakness, and eyelid drooping 1
  • Treatment intervals should remain at 12 weeks to avoid development of antibodies against onabotulinumtoxinA 3

Treatment Outcomes

Studies have demonstrated that Botox treatment can:

  • Reduce headache days per month by approximately 56% 2
  • Decrease headache intensity by approximately 25% 2
  • Provide relief lasting approximately 3-4 months between treatments 6, 7

The standardized PREEMPT injection protocol has been validated in both clinical trials and real-world settings, making it the preferred approach for administering Botox for chronic migraine prophylaxis.

References

Guideline

Chronic Migraine Treatment Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

[Efficacy of different doses of botox in treatment of chronic migraine].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2017

Research

Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of migraine headaches: an open-label study.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2000

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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