From the Research
Carbohydrates are not essential for human survival in the sense that they must be obtained from dietary sources, as the body can produce glucose through gluconeogenesis when carbohydrate intake is very low. However, some glucose is still essential for basic bodily functions, particularly for the brain and central nervous system. The brain alone requires about 120 grams of glucose daily, though this need can be partially met by ketones during carbohydrate restriction 1.
Key Points
- The body can adapt to very low carbohydrate intake by using alternative metabolic pathways, such as gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 1, 2.
- There is no specific minimum dietary carbohydrate requirement, as the body can produce glucose internally when carbohydrate intake is very low 1.
- Carbohydrate restriction can be beneficial for certain individuals, such as those with type 2 diabetes, as it can improve hyperglycemia, obesity, and insulin resistance 3.
- However, the source of macronutrients is important, as low carbohydrate diets that favor animal-derived fat and protein sources may be associated with higher mortality, whereas those that favor plant-derived sources may be associated with lower mortality 4.
Recommendations
- A balanced diet that includes a moderate amount of carbohydrates, along with protein and healthy fats, is likely the best approach for most people. This can help to ensure that the body's energy needs are met, while also providing essential nutrients and minimizing the risk of chronic diseases 4.
- Individuals with specific dietary needs or restrictions, such as those with diabetes or certain genetic disorders, may need to follow a different diet plan, as recommended by their healthcare provider 5, 3.