Which term describes traction by use of strapping, elastic wraps, or tape: a) skeletal, b) closed fracture, c) skin, or d) multiple methods?

Skin Traction: Definition and Application

The term that describes traction by use of strapping, elastic wraps, or tape is skin traction (c).

Understanding Skin Traction

Skin traction is a non-invasive traction method that applies pulling force to the body through the skin surface using adhesive materials such as strapping, elastic wraps, or tape. Unlike skeletal traction (which involves pins or wires inserted directly into bone) or multiple methods (which would combine different traction techniques), skin traction specifically refers to external traction applied through the skin surface.

Types of Traction

1. Skin Traction:

   • Applied using adhesive strapping, elastic wraps, or tape directly to the skin
   • Non-invasive method that distributes force across the skin surface
   • Examples include Buck's traction for lower extremities

2. Skeletal Traction (not the correct answer):

   • Involves pins, wires, or screws inserted directly into bone
   • Provides stronger, more direct pull than skin traction
   • Used for more severe fractures or when greater force is needed

3. Closed Traction (not the correct answer):

   • Refers to traction applied without surgical exposure of the fracture site
   • Both skin and skeletal traction can be considered closed methods

Clinical Applications of Skin Traction

Skin traction is commonly used for:

• Temporary immobilization of fractures before definitive treatment 1
• Reducing muscle spasms and relieving pain 2
• Maintaining alignment and preventing deformities 2
• Pre-operative management of certain fractures, such as distal femur fractures 3

Implementation Technique

When applying skin traction:

• Adhesive material is applied to the skin surface
• Traction is then applied through ropes, pulleys, and weights
• The pulling force is distributed across the skin surface to minimize pressure points
• Proper padding is essential to prevent skin breakdown

Important Considerations

• Skin traction has limited pulling capacity compared to skeletal traction due to the risk of skin damage
• Continuous monitoring is required to prevent skin complications
• Typically used for short-term management or in cases where skeletal traction is contraindicated
• Not suitable for conditions requiring prolonged or heavy traction 2, 4

Potential Complications

• Skin irritation or breakdown
• Pressure ulcers, particularly over bony prominences
• Neurovascular compromise if applied incorrectly
• Limited effectiveness compared to skeletal traction for certain conditions

In summary, skin traction specifically refers to the application of traction forces through adhesive materials applied to the skin surface, making it distinct from skeletal traction (which uses pins through bone) or other traction methods.