Differential Diagnosis for Infectious Disease with Itching and Red Pimples in Children

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Impetigo: A highly contagious bacterial skin infection that causes red sores or pimples, which can be itchy. It's common in children and spreads easily through touch or by sharing items.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Scabies: A skin infestation caused by the itch mite, leading to severe itching and a pimple-like skin rash. It's contagious and common in crowded areas like schools.
  • Chickenpox (Varicella): A viral infection that causes an itchy, blister-like rash, often accompanied by fever. It's highly contagious and common in children.
  • Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): A condition that makes the skin red and itchy, and can sometimes cause small, raised bumps. It's not contagious but can be exacerbated by infections.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Meningococcemia: A severe infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which can lead to a rash that may initially appear as red pimples. It's life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, usually caused by an adverse reaction to medication or infection. It can start with flu-like symptoms and progress to a rash.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Kawasaki Disease: An illness that affects the blood vessels and can cause a rash, among other symptoms. It's rare and more commonly associated with fever, swollen lymph nodes, and changes in the mouth and hands.
  • Pityriasis Rosea: A skin condition that causes a rash and can be preceded by a single, large spot. It's not contagious and the cause is unknown, but it can be itchy and may resemble other conditions.