Constipation: This is a common issue in elderly patients, especially after a fall, due to decreased mobility, possible medication side effects (e.g., opioids for pain), and changes in bowel habits. Constipation can lead to bowel dilatation.

Adynamic Ileus: A condition where there is a temporary cessation of the normal contractions of the bowel muscles, which can occur after trauma, including falls. This can lead to bowel dilatation due to the accumulation of intestinal contents.
Mechanical Obstruction: Though less common, a mechanical obstruction (e.g., due to adhesions, hernias, or volvulus) could be precipitated or worsened by a fall, leading to bowel dilatation.
Neurogenic Bowel: Trauma from a fall could potentially affect the spinal cord, leading to neurogenic bowel, which might result in bowel dilatation due to altered bowel motility.

Mesenteric Ischemia: Although less likely, this is a critical diagnosis to consider because it can be fatal if not promptly treated. A fall could potentially lead to mesenteric ischemia through various mechanisms, including embolism or thrombosis, which could cause bowel dilatation.
Bowel Perforation: A perforation could occur due to trauma from the fall, leading to peritonitis and potentially bowel dilatation. Early diagnosis is crucial for survival.
Hemorrhage: Internal bleeding from the fall could lead to hypovolemic shock, which might indirectly cause bowel dilatation due to decreased perfusion and subsequent ileus.

Intussusception: A rare condition in adults where a part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part, potentially causing bowel obstruction and dilatation. It could be precipitated by the trauma of a fall, though this would be uncommon.
Closed Loop Obstruction: A specific type of mechanical obstruction where a loop of intestine is obstructed at two points, which could potentially occur after a fall, leading to rapid bowel dilatation and ischemia.