What is the treatment for swollen gums?

Treatment for Swollen Gums

The most effective treatment for swollen gums combines proper mechanical plaque removal through brushing and interdental cleaning with antimicrobial rinses such as chlorhexidine or natural alternatives like salt and sodium bicarbonate rinses. 1

Primary Treatment Approach

Mechanical Plaque Removal

• Brushing technique:

  • Use a small, ultra-soft-headed, rounded-end bristle toothbrush
  • Brush at least twice daily for at least 2 minutes
  • Ensure the gingival portion of the tooth and periodontal sulcus are included
  • Use fluoridated toothpaste; spit out foam but do not rinse mouth 1

• Interdental cleaning:

  • Interdental brushes are the device of choice for interproximal plaque removal (more effective than floss) 2, 3
  • Floss at least once daily if interdental brushes cannot pass through the interproximal area without trauma 2
  • Use waxed floss to minimize trauma to the gingivae 1

Antimicrobial Rinses

• Saline and sodium bicarbonate rinse:

  • Mix 1 teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon baking soda in 4 cups of water
  • Rinse, swish, and spit vigorously several times a day 1
  • This combination raises oral pH and prevents overgrowth of acidogenic bacteria

• Chlorhexidine mouthwash:

  • Use full strength, do not dilute
  • Rinse for 30 seconds in a vigorous manner
  • Rinse thoroughly with water afterward 4
  • Note: May cause tooth staining with prolonged use

Alternative Therapeutic Rinses

Several herbal/natural mouthwashes have shown comparable effectiveness to chlorhexidine:

• Aloe vera mouthwash: 10mL twice daily for 1-2 weeks 1
• Triphala mouthwash: 10-15mL twice daily for 2-8 weeks 1
• Green tea mouthwash: 15mL twice daily for 1 minute 1
• Curcumin mouthwash: 20% solution twice daily for 3 weeks 1

Use these rinses 30-45 minutes after brushing for optimal effect.

When to Seek Professional Care

Immediate dental evaluation is necessary if:

• Gingival swelling is severe or worsening despite home care
• Swelling is accompanied by significant pain, fever, or difficulty swallowing
• Gum swelling persists for more than 2 weeks despite proper home care
• There are signs of dental abscess (severe pain, facial swelling, pus discharge) 5

Prevention of Recurrence

• Regular dental check-ups every 6 months 1
• Consistent daily oral hygiene practices
• Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes as they can dry the oral tissues 1
• For denture wearers:
  • Remove dentures, plates, and prostheses before brushing
  • Brush and rinse dentures after meals and at bedtime
  • Remove from mouth for at least 8 hours per 24 hours 1

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Aggressive brushing: Can damage gum tissue and worsen inflammation
• Inconsistent oral hygiene: Gingivitis can quickly return without regular care
• Ignoring interdental cleaning: Brushing alone only cleans 60% of tooth surfaces
• Using alcohol-based mouthwashes: Can dry and irritate already inflamed gums 1
• Delaying professional care: Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis with irreversible bone loss 2

Remember that gingivitis is reversible with proper care, but if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss and systemic health complications 6, 2.