What is the dosage and treatment plan for Cefuroxime (Cephalosporin) for bacterial infections?

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Cefuroxime Dosage and Treatment Plan for Bacterial Infections

Cefuroxime is an effective second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with specific dosing regimens based on infection type, patient age, and administration route (oral vs. parenteral). The medication is available in two main forms: cefuroxime axetil (oral) and cefuroxime sodium (injectable).

Dosage for Adults

Oral Administration (Cefuroxime Axetil)

  • Standard adult dosage: 250-500 mg twice daily 1
  • Duration: 5-10 days for most infections 2
  • Specific conditions:
    • Respiratory tract infections: 250 mg twice daily (mild) or 500 mg twice daily (severe/pneumonia) 2
    • Urinary tract infections: 125-250 mg twice daily 1
    • Skin/soft tissue infections: 250 mg twice daily 1
    • Uncomplicated gonorrhea: Single 1 g dose 1

Parenteral Administration (Cefuroxime Sodium)

  • Standard adult dosage: 750 mg to 1.5 grams every 8 hours 3
  • Duration: Usually 5-10 days 3
  • Specific conditions:
    • Uncomplicated infections: 750 mg every 8 hours 3
    • Severe/complicated infections: 1.5 grams every 8 hours 3
    • Bone/joint infections: 1.5 grams every 8 hours 3
    • Life-threatening infections: 1.5 grams every 6 hours 3
    • Bacterial meningitis: Up to 3 grams every 8 hours 3
    • Surgical prophylaxis: 1.5 grams IV just before surgery 3

Dosage for Children

Oral Administration

  • For respiratory infections: Appropriate dosing based on weight and severity 4

Parenteral Administration

  • Children above 3 months: 50-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6-8 hours 3
  • Severe infections: 100 mg/kg/day (not exceeding maximum adult dose) 3
  • Bone/joint infections: 150 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours 3
  • Bacterial meningitis: 200-240 mg/kg/day IV in divided doses every 6-8 hours 3

Dosage Adjustment for Renal Impairment

  • Creatinine clearance >20 mL/min: Standard dose every 8 hours
  • Creatinine clearance 10-20 mL/min: 750 mg every 12 hours
  • Creatinine clearance <10 mL/min: 750 mg every 24 hours 3
  • Hemodialysis patients should receive an additional dose after dialysis 3

Specific Clinical Applications

Respiratory Tract Infections

  • For acute bronchiolitis with high fever (>38.5°C) persisting for more than 3 days: cefuroxime axetil is recommended 4
  • For community-acquired pneumonia: Sequential therapy with IV cefuroxime (750 mg 2-3 times daily for 2-5 days) followed by oral cefuroxime axetil (500 mg twice daily for 3-8 days) 2

Urinary Tract Infections

  • Single daily dose of 250 mg cefuroxime axetil for 10 days has shown 93% clearance of original infecting organisms 5

Animal Bites

  • Cefuroxime 500 mg twice daily orally or 1 g every 12 hours IV shows good activity against Pasteurella multocida but misses anaerobes 4

Administration Considerations

  • Oral cefuroxime axetil should be taken with food to enhance absorption 1
  • For parenteral administration, continue for at least 48-72 hours after the patient becomes asymptomatic 3
  • For Streptococcus pyogenes infections, a minimum of 10 days treatment is recommended to prevent rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis 3

Potential Adverse Effects

  • Most common: Gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting 1
  • These are generally mild to moderate in intensity and reversible upon discontinuation 2

Clinical Pearls

  • Cefuroxime has enhanced beta-lactamase stability compared to first-generation cephalosporins 6
  • It is effective against many beta-lactamase-producing respiratory pathogens 2
  • Sequential IV-to-oral therapy can reduce hospitalization time while maintaining efficacy 2
  • Avoid using cefuroxime for MRSA infections as it lacks activity against methicillin-resistant strains 1

When selecting an antibiotic treatment regimen, consider local resistance patterns, patient factors, and infection severity to optimize outcomes in terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

References

Research

Cefuroxime axetil.

International journal of antimicrobial agents, 1994

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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