What to do for a 17-year-old female with abdominal pain after exercise?

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17岁女性体育课后腹痛的检查方案

对于体育课后出现腹痛的17岁女性,应首先进行全面腹部评估,包括腹部超声检查和基础实验室检查,以排除严重病理情况。1

初步评估要点

病史采集重点

  • 腹痛的具体位置(上腹部、下腹部、侧腹部等)
  • 疼痛性质(锐痛、钝痛、绞痛)
  • 是否与运动强度、持续时间相关
  • 既往是否有类似症状
  • 是否有胃肠道症状(恶心、呕吐、腹泻)
  • 最近饮食情况,尤其是运动前的进食

体格检查重点

  • 生命体征评估(血压、心率、体温)
  • 腹部触诊,寻找压痛点
  • 腹部肌肉是否有紧张或防御
  • 是否有反跳痛
  • 肠鸣音评估

必要检查项目

实验室检查

  • 血常规(白细胞计数)
  • C反应蛋白
  • 电解质和肾功能
  • 尿常规
  • 女性患者考虑妊娠试验

影像学检查

  • 腹部超声检查(首选)1
    • 评估肝胆系统
    • 评估附件区(卵巢、输卵管)
    • 评估阑尾

鉴别诊断思路

运动相关性腹痛

  • 运动相关性一过性腹痛(ETAP,俗称"岔气")2

    • 常见于跑步等重复性躯干运动
    • 多位于腹部侧面,沿肋缘
    • 剧烈时为锐痛或刺痛
  • 运动相关性胃肠道症状3, 4

    • 由于运动时血液重分布导致肠道缺血
    • 可能与运动前进食高纤维食物、高浓度碳水化合物有关
    • 脱水可加重症状

非运动相关原因

  • 急性阑尾炎
  • 卵巢囊肿或扭转
  • 腹壁疼痛5
  • 泌尿系统结石
  • 肠胃炎

处理方案

立即处理

  • 评估水化状态,如有脱水迹象给予补液3, 4
  • 让患者休息,避免继续运动
  • 根据疼痛程度给予适当止痛药物(避免NSAIDs,可能加重胃肠道症状)3

后续建议

  • 如果确诊为运动相关性腹痛:

    • 建议运动前避免大量进食,特别是高纤维食物3
    • 保持适当水化,但避免过量饮水4
    • 逐渐增加运动强度,进行"肠道训练"3, 4
  • 如果症状持续或加重:

    • 考虑进一步检查如CT扫描
    • 转诊至消化科或妇科专科医生

注意事项

  • 不要轻易将腹痛归因于简单的运动相关性不适,应警惕可能的急腹症1
  • 青少年女性的下腹痛可能与妇科问题相关,需要全面评估6
  • 避免使用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),可能加重胃肠道症状3

通过这种系统性评估和检查方案,可以有效鉴别体育课后腹痛的原因,及时排除严重疾病,并给予适当处理。

References

Research

Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Diagnosis.

American family physician, 2023

Research

Exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP).

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Gastrointestinal Health in Endurance Athletes

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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