Allergic Reactions to Semaglutide
Yes, you can be allergic to semaglutide, with serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema documented in patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. 1
Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists 1
- Dermal hypersensitivity reactions have been specifically documented with semaglutide, presenting as skin eruptions with histological findings consistent with drug hypersensitivity 2
- These reactions can occur even after months of treatment - in reported cases, reactions appeared after 1 month and 10 months of semaglutide use 2
Risk Factors and Contraindications
- Semaglutide is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reaction to the drug 3
- Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of angioedema or anaphylaxis to other GLP-1 receptor agonists, as cross-reactivity may occur 1
- It remains unknown whether patients with previous reactions to other GLP-1 receptor agonists will be predisposed to anaphylaxis with semaglutide 1
Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions
- If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue semaglutide immediately 1
- Treat promptly per standard of care for anaphylaxis or angioedema 1
- Monitor until signs and symptoms resolve 1
- Resolution of dermal hypersensitivity reactions typically begins within 1 month of discontinuing semaglutide 2
Other Important Safety Considerations with Semaglutide
- Gastrointestinal side effects are the most common adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dyspepsia 3, 4
- Increased risk of pancreatitis has been observed in clinical trials 1, 4
- Risk of diabetic retinopathy complications, particularly in patients with pre-existing retinopathy 3, 1
- Increased risk of gallbladder disorders including cholelithiasis 3, 4
- Potential for acute kidney injury, especially in patients experiencing severe gastrointestinal reactions leading to dehydration 1
Clinical Implications
- Before initiating semaglutide, screen patients for history of serious allergic reactions to GLP-1 receptor agonists 1
- Educate patients about potential signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and when to seek emergency care 1
- Consider that allergic reactions can develop at any point during treatment, not just at initiation 2
- Monitor patients for both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions 2
While semaglutide has demonstrated significant benefits for weight loss and glycemic control, clinicians must remain vigilant about the potential for allergic reactions and be prepared to manage them appropriately if they occur.