Differential Diagnosis for Gingiva or Tooth Infection
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Acute Periodontal Abscess: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the localized nature of the infection, which is often characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in the gingiva surrounding a tooth, possibly accompanied by fever and malaise. The abscess can be a complication of periodontal disease, where bacteria accumulate in the pocket between the tooth and the gum, leading to infection.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Dental Caries with Secondary Infection: Tooth decay can lead to bacterial invasion of the tooth pulp, causing infection. Symptoms can include toothache, sensitivity, and if the infection spreads, swelling and pain in the surrounding gingiva.
- Pericoronitis: This is an infection of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth, most commonly a wisdom tooth. It can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty opening the mouth.
- Gingivitis: Although typically not as severe as an abscess, gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva caused by poor oral hygiene, leading to red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Ludwig's Angina: A severe infection of the tissues in the neck, which can start from a tooth infection. It's life-threatening due to the risk of airway obstruction and requires immediate medical attention.
- Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: A rare but potentially fatal condition where a blood clot forms in the cavernous sinus, often as a complication of a facial or dental infection. Symptoms can include headache, fever, and neurological deficits.
- Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: An infection of the jawbone, which can be a complication of dental infections. It can cause severe pain, swelling, and if not treated, can lead to bone destruction.
Rare Diagnoses
- Actinomycosis: A chronic bacterial infection that can affect the jaw and face, often as a result of dental procedures or extraction. It can cause abscesses, sinus tracts, and bone destruction.
- Necrotizing Periodontal Disease: A rare condition characterized by the rapid destruction of periodontal tissue, often associated with systemic diseases like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression. It presents with severe pain, bleeding, and tissue necrosis.