What happens if hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is left untreated?

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From the Research

If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to severe complications such as heart failure, infertility, myxedema coma, and mental retardation in infants, significantly impacting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. The body's metabolism slows down, causing fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and constipation. Untreated hypothyroidism can progress to myxedema, a severe form characterized by intense fatigue, decreased mental function, and even coma in extreme cases. Cardiovascular problems may develop, including elevated cholesterol levels, enlarged heart, and heart failure. Mental health can deteriorate with depression, slowed thinking, and memory issues. Physical changes often include dry skin, hair loss, hoarse voice, and puffy face. Women may experience menstrual irregularities and fertility problems, while pregnant women risk miscarriage, preeclampsia, and developmental issues in their babies.

According to the most recent study 1, hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition that can lead to serious adverse health effects on multiple organ systems if left untreated. The study emphasizes the importance of prompt treatment to prevent these complications. Treatment typically involves levothyroxine (brand names include Synthroid, Levoxyl) taken daily on an empty stomach, with dosages individualized based on blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. Regular monitoring is essential as thyroid requirements may change over time.

Some key points to consider:

  • Hypothyroidism can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune diseases, radiation therapy, thyroid gland removal surgeries, and certain medications 2.
  • The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on laboratory tests that measure the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood 2.
  • Treatment with levothyroxine is highly effective and safe, but suboptimal dosing is common in clinical practice 3.
  • Lifestyle modifications like eating healthy food and exercising regularly can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life 2.

Prompt treatment with levothyroxine is crucial to prevent the complications of untreated hypothyroidism and improve quality of life. Regular monitoring and individualized treatment plans can help manage the condition effectively.

References

Research

Hypothyroidism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2022

Research

Hypothyroidism.

Lancet (London, England), 2004

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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