What is an example of a patient who scores a 1 for drowsy in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale under level of consciousness?

NIH Stroke Scale: Level of Consciousness - Drowsy (Score 1)

A patient who scores a 1 for drowsy on the NIH Stroke Scale under level of consciousness is one who is arousable to minor stimulation. 1

Understanding Level of Consciousness Assessment in NIHSS

• The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a standardized assessment tool used to quantify the degree of neurological deficits in stroke patients, with item 1A specifically evaluating level of consciousness 1
• The scoring for level of consciousness (item 1A) uses a 0-3 scale:
  • 0 = Alert (fully awake and responsive)
  • 1 = Drowsy (arousable to minor stimulation)
  • 2 = Obtunded (requires repeated or painful stimulation to attend)
  • 3 = Coma/unresponsive 1

Clinical Example of a Drowsy Patient (Score 1)

• A patient who appears sleepy but opens their eyes and becomes appropriately responsive when the examiner speaks to them or lightly touches their arm 1
• The patient may drift back to sleep when not actively engaged but can be easily awakened with verbal stimuli or light touch 1
• The patient can follow commands and answer questions appropriately when aroused, but may require occasional prompting to maintain attention 1

Distinguishing from Other Consciousness Levels

• Alert (Score 0): Patient is fully awake, attentive, and responds immediately without need for stimulation 1
• Drowsy (Score 1): Patient appears sleepy but arouses easily to minor stimulation and can maintain attention for brief periods 1
• Obtunded (Score 2): Patient requires repeated or painful stimulation to arouse and maintain attention 1
• Coma/Unresponsive (Score 3): Patient shows no response or only reflexive responses to stimulation 1

Clinical Significance

• Level of consciousness assessment is a critical component of the NIHSS as it helps predict patient outcomes 2
• Patients with any reduction in level of consciousness (including drowsiness) on arrival have been associated with worse outcomes at one year 2
• The drowsy state (score 1) contributes to the overall NIHSS score, which helps identify the possible location of vessel occlusion and provides early prognosis 1

Common Assessment Pitfalls

• Do not confuse drowsiness with aphasia - a drowsy patient has altered arousal, while an aphasic patient may be fully alert but unable to communicate 3
• Avoid mistaking drowsiness for confusion - drowsiness refers specifically to arousal level, not cognitive function 1
• When assessing level of consciousness, ensure the patient is not sedated from medications, which could artificially affect the score 1

Importance in Stroke Management

• The NIHSS score, including the level of consciousness assessment, helps quantify stroke severity and facilitates communication between healthcare providers 1
• A drowsy patient (score 1) may indicate a moderate stroke and should prompt careful monitoring for potential deterioration 1, 2
• Early recognition of altered consciousness levels helps guide appropriate interventions and predict potential complications 1