Does long-term use of Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) increase the risk of dementia?

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Last updated: March 28, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

There is currently no strong scientific evidence that taking Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) long-term directly causes dementia. Vyvanse is a stimulant medication commonly prescribed for ADHD, and while all medications carry potential risks, dementia has not been established as a long-term consequence of Vyvanse use 1. Some studies have actually suggested that proper treatment of ADHD with medications like Vyvanse might help reduce cognitive issues by improving attention and executive function. However, stimulants like Vyvanse can cause side effects including increased heart rate, blood pressure changes, and sleep disturbances, as noted in research on psychostimulants 1.

Key points to consider when taking Vyvanse long-term include:

  • Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor for any cognitive changes
  • Monitoring of pulse and blood pressure, as clinical guidelines generally recommend when prescribing psychostimulant medication 1
  • Awareness of potential effects on height and weight gain, which are usually minor but can be clinically relevant in subgroups 1
  • Discussion with your healthcare provider if you experience any concerning cognitive symptoms while taking Vyvanse, rather than discontinuing the medication abruptly

It's essential to weigh the benefits of Vyvanse in managing ADHD against potential risks, and to have open communication with your healthcare provider about any concerns regarding long-term use and cognitive health. The typical adult dose ranges from 30-70mg once daily in the morning, and treatment duration varies based on individual needs. Given the current state of evidence, the benefits of Vyvanse for ADHD management are considered to outweigh the potential risks, including the unestablished risk of dementia 1.

From the Research

Long-term Use of Vyvanse and Dementia Risk

  • There are no research papers provided that directly investigate the relationship between long-term use of Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) and the risk of dementia 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • The available studies focus on the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults, but do not address the potential effects on dementia risk.
  • As a result, there is no evidence from these studies to suggest that long-term use of Vyvanse increases the risk of dementia, nor is there any evidence to rule out such a relationship.

Available Studies on Lisdexamfetamine

  • The provided studies discuss the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD 3, 4, 5.
  • These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of lisdexamfetamine in reducing ADHD symptoms and improving overall functioning, with a tolerability profile consistent with other stimulant medications 3, 4, 5.
  • However, these studies do not investigate the long-term effects of lisdexamfetamine on cognitive function or dementia risk.

Limitations of Available Evidence

  • The available studies are limited to the treatment of ADHD and do not address the potential effects of lisdexamfetamine on dementia risk or cognitive function in older adults 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • As a result, there is a need for further research to investigate the potential relationship between long-term use of Vyvanse and dementia risk.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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