What statistical test should be used to compare the proportion of patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome between two different healthcare settings, University Medical Facility (UMF) and a general hospital?

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Prueba Chi Cuadrada

La Dra. Flores debe utilizar la prueba de Chi cuadrada para comparar la proporción de pacientes diagnosticados con síndrome post-COVID entre la UMF 58 y el hospital "Juárez".

Justificación de la Prueba Estadística

La prueba de Chi cuadrada es la opción correcta porque:

  • Compara proporciones entre dos grupos independientes: La UMF 58 y el hospital "Juárez" representan dos poblaciones distintas de pacientes, y se busca comparar la proporción (variable categórica) de diagnósticos de síndrome post-COVID en cada institución 1, 2.

  • Variable de resultado categórica: El diagnóstico de síndrome post-COVID es una variable dicotómica (presente/ausente), no una variable continua 3, 4.

  • Datos de frecuencia: Se están comparando frecuencias o proporciones de casos entre dos grupos, que es exactamente el escenario para el cual se diseñó la prueba de Chi cuadrada 1, 5.

Por Qué las Otras Opciones Son Incorrectas

t de Student de medidas repetidas:

  • Esta prueba se utiliza para comparar medias de variables continuas en el mismo grupo de sujetos medidos en diferentes momentos temporales
  • No es apropiada para comparar proporciones entre dos grupos independientes diferentes

ANOVA de una vía:

  • Se utiliza para comparar medias de variables continuas entre tres o más grupos independientes
  • No es apropiada para variables categóricas ni para solo dos grupos

Regresión lineal simple:

  • Se utiliza para modelar la relación entre una variable dependiente continua y una variable independiente
  • No es la prueba primaria para comparar proporciones entre dos grupos categóricos

Consideraciones Prácticas

Al aplicar la prueba de Chi cuadrada en este contexto, la Dra. Flores debe:

  • Verificar que el tamaño de muestra sea adecuado (frecuencias esperadas ≥5 en cada celda)
  • Si las frecuencias esperadas son menores a 5, considerar la prueba exacta de Fisher como alternativa
  • Establecer el nivel de significancia antes del análisis (típicamente α = 0.05)

La incidencia reportada del síndrome post-COVID varía entre 10-35% en población general, pudiendo alcanzar hasta 85% en pacientes hospitalizados 1, 2, lo que hace relevante esta comparación entre diferentes centros de atención.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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