From the Guidelines
Paracetamol is the first-line treatment for pyrexia (fever) in a 4-month-old infant.
Treatment Details
- The use of an antipyretic drug is effective and paracetamol is preferred 1.
- Physical methods such as fanning, cold bathing, and tepid sponging are likely to cause discomfort and are not recommended 1.
- An adequate fluid intake should be ensured.
- In the context of a pandemic, children in the community should only be considered for treatment with antivirals if they have an acute influenza-like illness, fever (>38.5ºC), and been symptomatic for two days or less, but this does not apply to the general treatment of fever in infants 1.
- For infants under one year of age, oseltamivir may be considered for the treatment of severe influenza, but this is not the first-line treatment for fever in this age group 1.
- Aspirin should not be used in children 1.
Key Considerations
- Fever treatment can help children feel better but will not prevent subsequent seizures 1.
- The treatment of fever in children should focus on promoting comfort and preventing dehydration, rather than preventing febrile seizures 1.
From the Research
First-Line Treatment for Pyrexia in Infants
The first-line treatment for pyrexia (fever) in a 4-month-old infant is acetaminophen (paracetamol) 2, 3.
- Acetaminophen is considered a safe and effective option for the treatment of fever in children 3.
- The recommended dose of acetaminophen for infants is 15 mg/kg, which has been shown to be effective in reducing fever and is well-tolerated 3.
- Ibuprofen may be considered as a second-line treatment for fever in infants, but it is not recommended for infants under 6 months of age due to the risk of adverse effects 2.
Antipyretic Use in Children
- The primary goal of treating a febrile child should be to improve the child's overall comfort rather than focusing on the normalization of body temperature 4.
- There is no substantial difference in the safety and effectiveness of acetaminophen and ibuprofen in the care of a generally healthy child with fever 4.
- Combining acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be more effective than using a single agent alone, but it may also increase the risk of adverse effects and complicate treatment 4, 2.
Management of Fever in Children
- Fever is a physiologic mechanism that has beneficial effects in fighting infection, and there is no evidence that fever itself worsens the course of an illness or causes long-term neurologic complications 4, 5.
- The management of fever in children should focus on relieving symptoms and improving the child's comfort, rather than solely on reducing the fever 5.