Does a 29-year-old individual who was bitten by a cat 14 days ago, with a healing wound and no antirabies treatment, require post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies, considering the cat was healthy before the incident?

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Kailangan Agad ng Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

Dapat agad magsimula ng kumpletong rabies post-exposure prophylaxis ang pasyente kahit 14 days na ang nakalipas mula sa kagat, dahil namatay ang pusa bago matapos ang 10-day observation period at hindi na makukumpirma kung nanatiling healthy ang hayop sa buong panahon ng monitoring. 1

Bakit Hindi Valid ang 14-Day Observation Period

  • Ang standard na protocol ay nangangailangan ng 10-day observation period para sa healthy na aso, pusa, o ferret na kumagat sa tao, ayon sa CDC 1, 2
  • Ang observation period ay prospective, hindi retrospective – ibig sabihin, dapat buhay at healthy ang hayop sa buong 10 araw ng monitoring 1
  • Dahil namatay o pinatay ang pusa bago matapos ang 10 days, hindi na makukumpirma kung nanatiling healthy ang hayop sa buong observation period 1
  • Kapag namatay ang hayop bago o habang nasa observation period, hindi na valid ang observation approach at dapat magsimula ng PEP 1

Tamang PEP Protocol para sa Pasyenteng Walang Prior Vaccination

Dahil walang nakatanggap ng antirabies vaccine mula ng mangyari ang insidente, ang kumpletong PEP regimen ay kinabibilangan ng:

Rabies Vaccine

  • 5 doses ng rabies vaccine sa days 0,3,7,14, at 28 1, 3
  • Dapat magsimula agad ngayon (day 0) kahit delayed na 1
  • Ang CDC ay malinaw na nagsasabing "postexposure prophylaxis should be administered regardless of the length of the delay" basta walang clinical signs ng rabies sa exposed person 1

Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG)

  • HINDI NA KAILANGAN ng RIG dahil lampas na sa day 7 mula ng kagat 1
  • Ang RIG ay iniindikate lang hanggang day 7 pagkatapos ng unang dose ng vaccine 3
  • Kung sakaling mas maaga pa ang konsulta (within 7 days), ang RIG dosing ay 20 IU/kg body weight, na dapat i-infiltrate sa paligid ng sugat kung possible 1, 3

Hindi Ito Category II Exposure

  • Ang kaso na ito ay Category III exposure dahil may bleeding na nangyari mula sa kagat 3
  • Hindi pwedeng i-consider na Category II lang dahil gumaling na ang sugat – ang classification ay based sa initial wound characteristics, hindi sa healing status 3
  • Ang presence ng bleeding ay nagpapahiwatig ng transdermal bite na nangangailangan ng both vaccine at RIG (kung within 7 days pa) 3

Mahalagang Considerations

  • May documented cases ng rabies incubation periods na lumagpas ng 1 taon sa mga tao, kaya effective pa rin ang delayed treatment 1
  • Ang PEP ay considered na "medical urgency, not a medical emergency" – dapat gawin as soon as possible pero hindi pa huli ang lahat 1
  • Walang documented failures ng modern cell culture vaccines kapag properly administered, kahit delayed ang simula 1
  • Ang breakthrough infections (rabies despite PEP) ay napakabihira at karamihan ay dahil sa deviations from core practices tulad ng wound cleaning at vaccine administration 4

Wound Care at Iba Pang Measures

  • Kahit delayed na, dapat pa rin bigyang-diin ang wound care: hugasan ng soap and water for 15 minutes 1, 3
  • Ang simple local wound cleansing ay markedly reduces rabies risk based sa animal studies 1, 3
  • I-consider ang tetanus prophylaxis at bacterial infection control 1, 3

Common Pitfall na Iwasan

  • Huwag mag-assume na safe na dahil natapos na ang 14 days – ang observation period ay dapat completed with the animal alive and healthy 1
  • Huwag mag-rely sa retrospective assessment na "malakas naman ang pusa before" – kailangan ng prospective 10-day observation with the animal alive 1
  • Ang pagkamatay ng hayop, kahit healthy pa before, ay automatically invalidates ang observation approach 1

References

Guideline

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Rabies

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Management of Dog Bites from Unvaccinated Dogs: Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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